Sunday, January 10, 2021

Doctrine & Covenants 2; Joseph Smith--History 1:27-65

AFTER THE FIRST VISION

After Joseph Smith saw his initial heavenly vision of God the Father, His Son Jesus Christ, and hosts of angels, he knew that God knew him, that his sins were forgiven, and that he should not join any of the churches available to him on the earth. He learned "many other things" which he didn't relate in his tellings of the vision. Later that day, he told his mother that he had learned that the Presbyterian church, which she and some of his siblings had joined, did not contain the true gospel. It doesn't appear that he told her any more than this.

A few days later, he took the opportunity to relate the vision to a Methodist preacher, a person he assumed to be a man of God. This preacher berated him and told him the vision was devillish because God didn't give man visions anymore. Rather than helping Joseph to understand what had happened (which is clearly why Joseph told him the story), he belitted him and spread the story and soon everyone in the area knew that a boy named Joseph Smith had reported a heavenly vision and most of them were bristling with rage (Joseph Smith--History 1:20-22). From what has been reported by Joseph Smith (see previous post) and by others, there was no indication that he planned to start a new religion at this point. He was just a teenage boy, telling his personal spiritual experience. It is remarkable that the response of the community was so violent.

AN "AT-RISK" YOUTH

What happened to Joseph Smith over the next three years? He was from a poor family, new to the area. He had to work long hours. He was ostracized by the church-goers and the well-to-do. The ministers derided him. The "good" kids didn't associate with him. Besides his siblings, only the non-religious youth would accept him. He reports,

"Being of very tender years, and persecuted by those who ought to have been my friends and to have treated me kindly, and if they supposed me to be deluded to have endeavored in a proper and affectionate manner to have reclaimed me—I was left to all kinds of temptations; and, mingling with all kinds of society, I frequently fell into many foolish errors, and displayed the weakness of youth, and the foibles of human nature; which, I am sorry to say, led me into divers temptations, offensive in the sight of God. God. In making this confession, no one need suppose me guilty of any great or malignant sins. A disposition to commit such was never in my nature. But I was guilty of levity, and sometimes associated with jovial company, etc., not consistent with that character which ought to be maintained by one who was called of God as I had been. But this will not seem very strange to any one who recollects my youth, and is acquainted with my native cheery temperament" (JS-H 1:28).

THE MENTORING OF JOSEPH SMITH

Eventually, Joseph decided he needed to right himself with God. He still had no idea he would be starting a church. He just wanted forgiveness and a personal connection with Diety. 

"I betook myself to prayer and supplication to Almighty God for forgiveness of all my sins and follies, and also for a manifestation to me, that I might know of my state and standing before him..." (JS-H 1:29).

In response to his prayer, he had series of four angellic visitations over the next 12 hours that showed him there would be much more for him to do. The visions were all fundamentally the same. With the absence of paper and writing utensil, the method of instruction had to be repetitive, so that Joseph could commit it to memory.

God reveals His will "line upon line, precept upon precept" (Isaiah 28:10). Over the next seven years, Joseph was granted many more visions. For more detail on these visions, please read "Moroni's Message to Joseph Smith." 

Through these tutoring experiences, Joseph reported to learn about the following concepts important to the Restoration of the original Church of Jesus Christ and to the Second Coming of Jesus Christ:

  1. Apostasy and scattering

  2. The calling of the Prophet Joseph Smith

  3. The opening of the heavens during the Restoration

  4. The coming forth of the Book of Mormon

  5. The restoration of the priesthood and of the sealing keys

  6. The gathering of the elect

  7. Destruction and purification prior to and during the Second Coming

  8. Deliverance for the faithful

  9. The Second Coming

  10. The premillennial and millennial state of the faithful

Ten years after the First Vision, Joseph Smith finally had the knowledge, the maturity, the resources, the scripture, the financial backing, and enough believers to legally start a new American religion, the restored church of Jesus Christ. But it took ten years of growth with seven years of mentoring.

THE PROMISES HAVE BEEN PLANTED

In that first set of four visions, Joseph Smith was quoted Malachi 4:4-6 differently than it appears in the King James Version of the Bible. 

"Behold, I will reveal unto you the Priesthood, by the hand of Elijah the prophet, before the coming of the great and dreadful day of the Lord...And he shall plant in the hearts of the children the promises made to the fathers, and the hearts of the children shall turn to their fathers. If it were not so, the whole earth would be utterly wasted at his coming."

The angel's version omits the phrase, "He shall turn the heart of the fathers to the children," and adds, "He shall plant in the hearts of the children the promises made to the fathers." Those promises are contained in the Abrahamic Covenant. If this Covenant is not fulfilled by the turning of the children to it, the earth is wasted. The promises have been planted in the children by Elijah. It is now up to the children to accept the gospel and follow the covenant path. And it is up to us to help.

My grandson and son-in-law


OUR "AT-RISK" YOUTH

Like Joseph Smith, our youth today are "at risk." The forces of evil, the secularization of society, the downward pull of the fallen world, the philosophies of the present day, the pressure exerted by their peers--all of these combine to make it harder for the hearts of the children to turn to the New and Everlasting Covenant and nurture that promise planted in their hearts to its full maturity. They need mentors.

The Lord places individuals within our sphere of influence who have that promise planted in their hearts.  When they are actually members of our family, it gives us the distinct advantage of being able to do missionary work long-term, without deadlines. In Joseph Smith's case, his parents and older siblings were the only mentors who believed him for those first three years after the vision. 

Elder Robert D. Hales said, 

"It is impossible to overestimate the influence of parents who understand the hearts of their children. Research shows that during the most important transitions of life—including those periods when youth are most likely to drift away from the Church—the greatest influence does not come from an interview with the bishop or some other leader but from the regular, warm, friendly, caring interaction with parents...

"It is our imperative duty to help youth understand and believe the gospel in a deeply personal way. We can teach them to walk in the light, but that light cannot be borrowed."

The greatest missionary work we will ever do will be in our homes. Our homes, quorums, and classes are part of the mission field. Our children and grandchildren are our most important investigators…

 “The greatest rescue, the greatest activation will be in our homes. If someone in your family is wandering in strange paths, you are a rescuer, engaged in the greatest rescue effort the Church has ever known. I testify from personal experience: There is no failure except in giving up. It is never too early or too late to begin. Do not worry about what has happened in the past. Pick up the phone. Write a note. Make a visit. Extend the invitation to come home. Don’t be afraid or embarrassed. Your child is Heavenly Father’s child. You are about His work. He has promised to gather His children, and He is with you.

“The greatest faith we have will be within our homes as we remain strong in the trials and tribulations of parenthood. To a small group of mothers, President Monson recently said, ‘Sometimes we are too quick to judge the effect of our successes and failures.’ May I add, don’t look at today’s trials as eternal. Heavenly Father does His work in the long term. ‘There is much which lieth in futurity,’ the Prophet Joseph Smith said. ‘Therefore, . . . let us cheerfully do all things that lie in our power; and then may we stand still, with the utmost assurance, to see the salvation of God, and for his arm to be revealed’ (D&C 123:15, 17)"(Elder, Robert D. Hales, “Our Duty to God: The Mission of Parents and Leaders to the Rising Generation,” April 2010 General Conference)

BE OF GOOD CHEER

All throughout the scriptures, and in the most unlikely situations therein, we find the commandment to “be of good cheer.”  We must obey this commandment if we want to help our family members.  If our children see that we are sad, why would they want to be like us?  If our children can detect that they make us feel like failures, how can we encourage them?  It is unfair and incorrect to place the responsibility for our happiness on our children or anyone else.  They are busy enough trying to figure out their own happiness.  The best thing we can do is show by example how the gospel makes us happy, independent of what anyone (themselves included) does, because it gives us hope.  Do not exercise faith in failure by focusing on the negative or becoming distraught by problems.  Remember they are all temporary conditions, brought on by our fallen world. Christ has overcome the world.  

Remember:

There is a bright side to everything.  

If not, polish one of them up.

Our number one responsibility in all of our relationships in life is always the same: to love! Christ gave it as the great commandment.  I love this quote from the author Sue Monk Kidd:  

“That’s the only purpose grand enough for a human life.  

Not only to love, but to persist in love.” 

“What thank have ye if ye love those” who are obedient, sweet, kind, easy to love…?  There are marvelous skills to be developed through the close-up opportunity of loving the unique, imperfect individuals in our families and ward who may be a little prickly. Terrance Olsen, a family life teacher and counselor says, 

“When we are compassionate with our rebellious children,

 their conscience convicts them.  

When we are hostile, it justifies them.” 

D&C 121 teaches us that no power or influence CAN be maintained except by love.

But sometimes parents cannot reach their own children. 



RESCUING OTHER PEOPLE'S CHILDREN

When I was a young mother, my husband and I were braving an airline trip with two tiny boys.  We were making our way through the Atlanta airport. I had the 1-year-old in a stroller, and the 3-year-old on a telephone-cord-style leash. One end was fastened around his wrist, and the other was fastened onto the stroller so I could have a free hand for baggage.  We saw the signs about not taking strollers on escalators, but we couldn’t find the elevator, so we got on. My husband got on first.  As I pushed the stroller onto the escalator, and held onto the handles to keep it steady, the 3-year-old panicked and refused to get on! I had forgotten he was unfamiliar with escalators! Before I could grab his hand, I was heading down the huge and steep escalator with the stroller, further and further away from my little boy, while the long, springy leash got tighter and tighter. Two women got on between me and my little boy and stared at the tightening leash as I cried out to my child to get on the escalator. I didn’t dare let go of the stroller. I couldn’t get the leash unfastened. I was absolutely panicked.

From the opposite side of the lobby, a young father saw what was happening. I will never forget how, without hesitation, he sprinted at top speed across the lobby, picked up my toddler, and ran down the escalator, shoving past the two gawking women to return my child to me. He ran as if it were his own child.  He sat there on the escalator steps with his elbow crooked around my little man, panting and heaving.  He didn’t point out how we should have known better than to take a stroller on an escalator. He helped my boy off the escalator, caught his breath, and turned around to go back up again.

Many times in their lives, parents will find themselves in metaphorically similar situations--the gap widening between them and their child--and they will feel their hands tied. When other people's children are at risk, we have the obligation to rescue.

WAYS TO ENCOURAGE SPIRITUAL GROWTH IN YOUTH

As parents:

Stay close to the Spirit. First of all, be extremely sensitive to your personal level of spirituality in any moment.  Don’t lose the Spirit by being reactive, defensive, judgmental, or getting angry.  Use your knowledge and spirituality to raise theirs, not to increase the gap between you.

Pray specifically.  Seek the spirit so you can pray specific prayers that will be answered to help them take miniscule but forward steps.

Elevate their spirituality. Reading the scriptures isn't the only way to feel the Spirit. Playing games and laughing together can elevate the spirit. Reminiscing about loved relatives can teach gospel principles in a non-confrontational way. Sharing family history with our youth can give them a sense of belonging and identity. Do activities that have the highest level of spirituality they can tolerate.

Form links.  Look for ways to form links between yourself and them. Make their interests yours. If they eat vegan, make some really great vegan recipes. If there is a vacation spot they are interested in, go there together. If they have a favorite treat keep it around. Text them. Do things they love to do.

Teach through environment.  Put up scriptures and great quotes in your home.  Youth can read them without having to interact about them, and they will likely absorb them bit by bit.  Both my oldest child and my youngest child (16 years apart) when asked for their favorite scriptures, repeated word-for-word a scripture which I had on display in the home, although we had never specifically focused on them.  Use pictures, books, movies, and laughter to create an uplifting environment in your home.

As ward mentors:

Know them.  Do you know the name of every young man and young woman in the ward?  Do you stop to talk with them?  Or do you consider it to only be the duty of their leaders?  I would like to challenge you to learn every name, and which parents they belong to, and then use those names to interact with them.

Mentor them.  In one ward, Melchizedek priesthood members are actually assigned to mentor specific Aaronic priesthood members. They are also assigned to learn all the names of all the youth in the ward. We don’t have to wait for the ward to make assignments, though. We can assign ourselves to the youth. 

Encourage them.  Kids often have feelings of being put down, criticized, feeling inadequate at school and among their peers.  We must make church and home a safe haven, a place where they feel loved and valued. Make sure they feel better when they are around you.  Bring attention to what they are doing right.  Express confidence that they can achieve their goals.

Fear not.  Remember “there is no fear in love.”  If you are afraid of them, you cannot love them.  

President Uchtdorf said, “I hope that we welcome and love all of God’s children, including those who might dress, look, speak, or just do things differently. It is not good to make others feel as though they are deficient. Let us lift those around us. Let us extend a welcoming hand….

“We know from modern revelation that “the worth of souls is great in the sight of God.”4 We cannot gauge the worth of another soul any more than we can measure the span of the universe. Every person we meet is a VIP to our Heavenly Father. Once we understand that, we can begin to understand how we should treat our fellowmen.

“One woman who had been through years of trial and sorrow said through her tears, “I have come to realize that I am like an old 20-dollar bill—crumpled, torn, dirty, abused, and scarred. But…I am still worth the full 20 dollars.”

“With this in mind, let our hearts and hands be stretched out in compassion toward others, for everyone is walking his or her own difficult path. As disciples of Jesus Christ, our Master, we are called to support and heal rather than condemn.” (Elder Dieter F. Uchtdorf, “You Are My Hands,” April 2010 Conference)

Practice greeting everyone you meet straight-on with eye contact and a smile, particularly if they have an appearance that makes you uncomfortable. Remind yourself it is another chance to practice seeing the child of God in every individual, another chance to prove that religious people are not hypocrites, another chance to let them feel the influence of the Spirit (which will be with you if you are filled with love). Shocking apparel is frequently a cover-up for a low self-image. Remember that everyone you meet is a child of God, and everyone in your family and ward is of the House of Israel, the “believing blood,” with the promises of the Father planted in their hearts. 



Sunday, January 3, 2021

Joseph Smith History 1:1-26

PREPARING THE SOIL FOR THE RESTORATION

Among the many varieties of bamboo grown in China is the beautiful black bamboo.  Black bamboo will spread very quickly from a grown plant, but to grow and harvest black bamboo from seed is another matter.  The seed comes in a very, very hard shell, which a hobby gardener can crack and then follow the very tricky and exacting process to germinate it, but a farmer who wants to harvest acres of bamboo must be patient.  He must carefully plant the bamboo seeds at the correct distance, and then nurture them carefully and patiently for a long time.

Quoting from the travelogue of a motivational speaker who witnessed the farming of black bamboo:

"Extending as far as the eye could see was an empty field of rich, black, tilled earth.  Not a single bamboo plant was in sight, not even a tree.  Peter [our guide] explained to us that the field had been sown a few weeks prior.  Each of over a thousand farmers carried a heavy satchel of seeds, water and fertilizer on their backs.  He explained the great care need necessary at this step in the process... 

"Once placed in the ground, each seed is individually fertilized with a deep drink of water and a handful of fertilizer from the farmer’s heavy satchel.  The process of watering and fertilizing is ritually carried out weekly on a seed by seed basis for nearly five years.  No heavy machines, no modern irrigation equipment--just individual farmers carefully tending the individual needs of each seedling in the field.

"About a mile down the dusty road was a field that Peter told us had been sown two years prior.  When we reached our destination we were surprised to see what looked to us like thousands of farmers working in an empty field.

"Our big surprise was when Peter told us that every week, up until the 11th month of the 5th year the bamboo fields appeared visually barren.  In the 12th month of the 5th year the black bamboo would suddenly sprout and very rapidly grow up to 60 feet in just under 30 days.  (Jim Cecil, "A Life Dedicated to Nurturing")




"Behold, the days come, saith the Lord God, that I will send a famine in the land, not a famine of bread, nor a thirst for water, but of hearing the words of the Lord:  And they shall wander from sea to sea, and from the north even to the east, they shall run to and fro to seek the word of the Lord, and shall not find it."  (Amos 8:11-12)

For nearly 2,000 years this famine persisted.  The true church was missing from the earth.  During this time period, however, hundreds of years before the gospel was restored, the Lord planted seeds and began to water and feed them.  Long before Joseph Smith was born, world events helped to prepare the soil for the sprouting of the Restoration.  

What were some of these preparations?  (Answers could include the Renaissance, the invention of the printing press, the translation of the Bible into everyday language, the Reformers, the discovery and colonization of America, the Constitution of the United States, and the preparation of individuals such as the Smith family.)

THE PREPARATION OF THE SMITH FAMILY

Generations before Joseph Smith was born, the Lord began to prepare the Smith family to nourish the prophet of the Restoration.  Joseph Smith's grandfather, before Joseph was even born, said, "It has been borne in upon my soul that one of my descendants will promulgate a work to revolutionize the world of religious faith" (Joseph Fielding Smith, Essentials in Church History, 27th ed., p. 25).

Joseph Smith's father and grandfather were not Calvinists, as were most people of the time in America, whose basic tenets include believing in original sin, the unconditional election of a few, and a limited atonement, under the rule of a harsh God.  The Smith men believed in the much more liberal and kindly Universalist doctrine, in which God is viewed as a loving being who will save all of mankind,.  The founder of Universalism in America, John Murray, preached for many years just 15 miles from where Joseph's grandfather, Asael Smith, lived.  Asael Smith warned his children not to think themselves more loved by God than "the heathen in the darkest corner of the deserts of Arabia, because God was no respecter of persons." Interestingly, Martin Harris, the Joseph Knight family, and the Hezekiah Peck family were all Universalist in their beliefs as well, prior to the organization of the Church. (See Casey Paul Griffiths, “Universalism and the Revelations of Joseph Smith,” The Doctrine & Covenants: Revelations in Context, Proceeds of the 37th Annual BYU Sidney B. Sperry Symposium.)

Lucy Smith, Joseph's mother, also well before he was born, prayed to the Lord that her husband would become more religiously inclined. Indeed he did, but he could only conclude that Jesus Christ's true church did not exist on the earth. During his search, he received a vision of the Tree of Life, just like Father Lehi's in The Book of Mormon, but in his dream he wandered through surroundings that matched his New England home and not an Arabian desert (Lucy Mack Smith, Revised and Enhanced History of Joseph Smith by his Mother, p. 64-66).  Lucy also witnessed several personal visions. This family expected God to speak, to answer questions, to reveal His will. The Smith family had been nurtured, transplanted, and humbled for decades by the Lord, so that when Joseph Smith received the First Vision, the growth of the Kingdom of God on the earth was rapid and sure, like the sprouting of black bamboo.  

ACCOUNTS OF JOSEPH SMITH'S FIRST VISION

Joseph Smith's life was not one of quiet contemplation and serenity in which he could leisurely write in his journal or keep careful records of all that happened to bring the Church of Jesus Christ back into the world. In fact, simply obtaining paper was an expense not always easy to manage. Hence, histories were started and then stopped when problems arose, then restarted in another fashion. As he wrote shortly before his death, 

"Since I have been engaged in laying the foundation of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints I have been prevented in various ways from continuing my Journal and the History, in a manner satisfactory to myself, or in justice to the cause. Long imprisonments, vexatious and long-continued lawsuits, the treachery of some of my clerks, the death of others, and the poverty of myself and brethren from continued plunder and driving [from place to place by mobs] have prevented my handing down to posterity a connected memorandum of events desirable to all lovers of truth" (Joseph Smith, Jr., History of the Church, 4:470).

Among these stops and starts, there are eight accounts of the First Vision. Three of them are copies of others, which means there are five different accounts of the First Vision in Joseph Smith's own words. 

1832 Journal Entry

Photograph of an excerpt of 
the 1832 journal history, 

The first time that Joseph Smith wrote out an account of his First Vision was in 1832, 12 years after it occured, and 2 years after the Church was organized. It was written on three pages of a ledger book (possibly the only paper that was available). This is the only account of the vision that was written in Joseph Smith's own handwriting and not dictated to a scribe. Joseph Smith had only an elementary education, therefore he delegated writing when possible to those who had better skills of penmanship, grammar, and spelling. This draft was not published in his lifetime. There is no punctuation. There are strike-outs and inserts. I have edited it here to make it easier to read.

"At about the age of twelve years, my mind became seriously impressed with regard to the all-important concerns for the welfare of my immortal soul, which led me to searching the scriptures, believing as I was taught that they contained the word of God. Thus applying myself to them and my intimate acquaintance with those of different denominations led me to marvel exceedingly, for I discovered that they did not adorn their profession by a holy walk and Godly conversation agreeable to what I found contained in that sacred depository. This was a grief to my soul. Thus from the age of twelve years to fifteen I pondered many things in my heart concerning the situation of the world, of mankind, the contentions and divisions, the wickedness and abominations, and the darkness which pervaded the minds of mankind. My mind became exceedingly distressed, for I became convicted of my sins, and by searching the scriptures, I found that mankind did not come unto the Lord but that they had apostatized from the true and living faith and there was no society or denomination that built upon the gospel of Jesus Christ as recorded in the New Testament, and I felt to mourn for my own sins and for the sins of the world. 

"For I learned in the scriptures that God was the same yesterday today and forever; that he was no respector to persons for he was God. For I looked upon the sun, the glorious luminary of the earth, and also the moon, rolling in [its] majesty through the heavens, and also the stars shining in their courses, and the earth also upon which I stood, and the beast of the field and the fowls of heaven and the fish of the waters and also man, walking forth upon the face of the earth in majesty and in the strength of beauty, whose power and intelligence in governing the things which are so exceeding great and marvelous even in the likeness of him who created them. And when I considered upon these things, my heart exclaimed, 'Well hath the wise man said, it is a fool that saith in his heart there is no God.' My heart exclaimed, 'All these bear testimony and bespeak an omnipotent and omnipresent Power, a Being who maketh laws and decreeeth and bindeth all things in their bounds, who filleth eternity, who was and is and will be from all eternity to eternity. And when I considered all these things and [knowing] that Being seeketh such to worship him as worship him in spirit and in truth, therefore I cried unto the Lord for mercy, for there was none else to whom I could go and obtain mercy. 

"And the Lord heard my cry in the wilderness and while in the attitude of calling upon the Lord, a pillar of light above the brightness of the sun at noon day came down from above and rested upon me and I was filled with the Spirit of God. And the Heavens opened upon me and I saw the Lord and he spake unto me, saying, 'Joseph, my son, thy sins are forgiven thee. Go thy way. Walk in my statutes and keep my commandments. Behold, I am the Lord of glory. I was crucified for the world that all those who believe on my name may have eternal life. Behold, the world lieth in sin at this time, and none doeth good, no, not one. They have turned aside from the gospel and keep not my commandments. They draw near to me with their lips, while their hearts are far from me, and mine anger is kindling against the inhabitants of the earth, to visit them according to their ungodliness and to bring to pass that which hath been spoken by the mouth of the prophets and apostles. Behold and lo! I come quickly as it is written of me, in the cloud, clothed in the glory of my Father.' 

And my soul was filled with love, and for many days I could rejoice with great joy and the Lord was with me, but I could find none that would believe the heavenly vision. Nevertheless I pondered these things in my heart."

I love this account because it shows the huge amount of time and effort Joseph Smith had expended over a long period of time prior to his prayer and also because that last paragraph shows a universal element of a vision from a heavenly source: a feeling of overpowering love.

1835--Robert Matthias Conversation

Later that year, Joseph began a journal which he kept the rest of his life. Usually it was dictated to a clerk, later it was entirely written by the clerk. The second account of the First Vision was written November 9, 1835, in this journal. The clerk writing at the time was Warren Parrish. Joseph dictated a conversation he had with a visiting religious eccentric named Robert Matthias in which he told of his vision. This version is much shorter and more concise:

"Being wrought up in my mind respecting the subject of religion and looking at the different systems taught [to or by] the children of men, I knew not who was right or who was wrong and I considered it of the first importance that I should be right in matters that involve eternal consequences. Being thus perplexed in mind, I retired to the silent grove and bowed down before the Lord."

This is the first version in which Joseph Smith quotes James 1:5, right after paraphrasing Matthew 7:7, "Ask and you shall receive, knock and it shall be opened, seek and you shall find." It is also the first telling in which Joseph Smith felt it important to mention the effort of the devil to stop his prayer. He also mentions in this version that the personages appeared one after the other, and he inserted after dictating it, that he saw many angels. Once again, he writes that he was filled with "joy unspeakable."
This version was copied into an early church history that was later abandoned for a newer plan.

1835--Erastus Holmes Conversation
Five days after this entry, Joseph dictated a summary of his visit with Erastus Holmes, from Newberry, Ohio, who had come to inquire about the faith and its beginnings. It was a short recounting of his conversation, only a couple of sentences, vaguely mentioning that he told Mr. Holmes about his visions without detailing exactly what he said. This telling was also copied into the same history.

1838--Church History/Pearl of Great Price

Three years later, in 1838, in the new Church history, Joseph wrote his story out more completely. This is the version members of the Church are all familiar with because it has been canonized as scripture in The Pearl of Great Price as "Joseph Smith--History." This is the only version in which Joseph includes the very important detail that one of the personages said, pointing to the other, "This is My Beloved Son. Hear Him!" https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/pgp/js-h/1?lang=eng 

1842--Wentworth Letter

The last version Joseph Smith wrote was in 1842 for John Wentworth, the editor of the Chicago Democrat, who requested a story about the Church for a history of New Hampshire. Joseph Smith's response was never used in that history, but was published in the Nauvoo Times and Seasons, the first account published in the United States. The following year it was published in An Original History of the Religious Denominations at Present Existing in the United States, by Israel Daniel Rupp. Notice that in this very brief version, which was written for a secular history, Joseph Smith did not name the two personages, include the vision of angels, or mention the presence of Satanic forces. Perhaps at this point in his life, he knew casual secular readers would not care about or believe those things, but would only mock. He only wrote the basics about why he started a new religion.

"I retired to a secret place in a grove, and began to call upon the Lord. While fervently engaged in supplication, my mind was taken away from the objects with which I was surrounded, and I was enrapt in a heavenly vision, and I saw two glorious personages, who exactly resembled each other in features and likeness, surrounded with a brilliant light, which eclipsed the sun at noonday. They told me that all the religious denominations were believing in incorrect doctrines..."

A photograph of a page of the history book by Rupp

You can read all of these accounts at https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/site/accounts-of-the-first-vision or in the book, Opening the Heavens: Accounts of Divine Manifestations, 1820-1844, John W. Welch, ed. (Brigham Young University Press: Provo, Utah and Deseret Book: Salt Lake City, Utah, 2005) 3-19.

YOUR PERSONAL PREPARATION FOR THE GOSPEL

The hand of the Lord can be found in any convert's life--preparing him to receive the gospel--and it can be found in the conversion of lifetime members, too, leading them from grace to grace. One thing I love about reading the various versions of Joseph Smith's vision are that the place that we call "The Sacred Grove," he calls "the silent grove" and "the secret grove." 
  • Do you have your own silent, secret, sacred grove? If not, can you find a place--a room, a closet, a secluded space outdoors--that will work for you? 
  • Have you seen the hand of the Lord preparing you for a conviction of the truth? 
  • Spend some time today writing about ways that God prepared you, arranged your environment, put people in your path, or brought ideas to your mind that grew your testimony of the Gospel of Jesus Christ. Keep this testament close at hand for any times when your faith wavers or when others need to be strengthened. Like Joseph Smith, be careful which parts you share with which audiences--always be guided by the Spirit when sharing sacred stories.

THE PREPARATION OF OUR FAMILY AND ASSOCIATES

Although the Restoration has already taken place in the world, there are still many people who are being prepared for the Restoration to take place in their hearts.  Some will be easily reached, but others will be like black bamboo, covered in a nearly impenetrable hard shell.  We can help to nurture those seeds through our example, teaching, family relations, friendships, prayers, and missionary work.  Suddenly one day, the shell will crack, there will be a broken heart and a contrite spirit, and the seed will sprout and begin to grow.  The important thing is that we have the faith and the patient love to continue to water and nurture, despite the fact that there is no outward evidence that the seed will ever sprout.

Thank the Lord for the Restoration! 

BONUS: FOR THOSE OF YOU WHO LOVE DEEP-DIVES INTO DOCTRINE

This is a jaw-dropping treatise on the First Vision as a prelude to the Endowment and as a pattern of the entire Gospel, presented at the 2019 FAIR Mormon Conference by historian Don Bradley. Don had left the Church but then returned when he studied the First Vision in order to prove that it was a fake. I highly recommend it! You can read the transcript  or listen to the audio or find FAIRMormon on your own podcast app and play Episode 40, "Joseph Smith's First Vision as Endowment and Epitome of the Gospel (or Why I Came Back to the Church)."

BONUS: FOR THOSE OF YOU WHO LOVE VIDEOS

To learn about another great prophet who was prepared by the Lord for the Restoration watch "A Search For Truth,"  the story of Wilford Woodruff's conversion. It is definitely worth your time.
          

Thursday, December 31, 2020

"Come, Follow Me" in the Doctrine and Covenants



For many decades, this beautiful mural by Everett C. Thorpe (1904-1983) graced the front of the Providence, Utah, 2nd Ward chapel. I stared at this painting during Sacrament meeting every Sunday of my childhood. Ev Thorpe was a Providence native and a professor of art at Utah State University. Hearing that such murals would be removed from chapels, to illustrate our focus on Christ and not pioneers, a former bishop of ours paid an artist to copy out the mural and make prints on home-sized canvases. This is a photograph of my copy. (As of October 2022, the mural still hangs in the chapel.)  

"COME, FOLLOW ME" LESSONS


Dec. 28-Jan. 3: Doctrine and Covenants 1

Jan. 4-10:  Joseph Smith--History 1:1-26

 


(To see my old Gospel Doctrine lessons on the Doctrine & Covenants, go to the Doctrine & Covenants page by clicking on the link in the blog heading.)

Wednesday, December 30, 2020

Doctrine and Covenants 1

THE IMPORTANCE OF THE DOCTRINE AND COVENANTS

My dear late friend, Sadie Sproles, joined the Church many years ago while living on the East Coast.  The missionaries told her that Joseph Smith asked questions and the Lord gave him the answers, he wrote them down, and that is the Doctrine and Covenants.  She immediately said, "I want that book!"  They gave her a copy and she received a testimony of the truthfulness of the restored Church through reading the Doctrine and Covenants.  "You're not supposed to get your testimony from the Doctrine and Covenants!" she said to me. "You're supposed to get it from the Book of Mormon!" But that's where she got hers.

President Benson said, "The Book of Mormon brings men to Christ.  The Doctrine and Covenants brings men to Christ's kingdom" (April 1987 General Conference, quoted by Steven E. Snow, "Treasuring the Doctrine and Covenants", Ensign, Jan. 2009).  President Gordon B. Hinckley called it, "The constitution of the Church"  (ibid.).

THE HISTORY OF THE DOCTRINE AND COVENANTS

The Doctrine and Covenants is not chronological. The first revelations in this dispensation to be sustained as scripture (at the first general conference of the Church, June 9, 1830) were called the "Articles and Covenants."  They were read at the start of every general conference through Joseph Smith's and Brigham Young's tenures as presidents.  These are what we know now as Sections 20 and 22 of the Doctrine and Covenants.

After this conference, in July of 1830, Joseph Smith wrote down other previously received revelations. They called this the Kirtland Revelation Book. (See Joseph Smith Papers: Introduction to the Manuscript Revelation Books.)

Brother Woolley says there are two characteristics of Latter-day Saints:  1) We're packrats [think: food storage], and 2) we all have to have our own copy of everything. The faithful early saints wanted their own copies of the revelations. Those who had access to them made copies. First Oliver Cowdery handcopied them for himself, then David Whitmer and William W. Phelps and others did as well.

Book of Commandments (1831)

Finally a special conference was held in which to decide whether the revelations should be printed and published at Hiram, Ohio, November 1, 1831.  There were 12 members in attendance, including the most well-educated church members and Joseph Smith, one of the least educated.  There were four more revelations received during those three days.  The consensus of the conference was that the revelations should not be published as making them too freely available would be "casting pearls before swine."  But Joseph Smith was for publication, and his opinion was ratified by a revelation which is one of seventy revelations published in the History of the Church and not in the Doctrine and Covenants.

The decision was made to publish 10,000 copies initially.  (5,000 copies were printed of the first edition of the Book of Mormon.)  Olivery Cowderey, Sidney Rigdon, and William E. McLellin were assigned to write a preface for the revelations during a recess in the conference.  They were stymied and finally asked Joseph Smith to pray for help.  The preface was then revealed to Joseph Smith, the first revelation to be dictated as it was received, and thus we have the only book in the history of the world whose preface was written by God Himself, now Section 1 of the Doctrine and Covenants.

Section 67 (the third revelation received at this conference) was given after the brethren were still balking at publishing the revelations because they thought the wording of them simplistic and unsophisticated.  It was then that Joseph Smith issued the challenge to the most educated, William McLellin, to write a prophecy which 1) came from the Lord, and 2) was new doctrine never before received on the earth.  Of course, we know the story:  Brother McLellin could not come up with a thing, and acknowledged that revelations received through the prophet were best as they were.

The fourth revelation received at this conference was called "Appendix to the Revelations," regards what will happen at the Second Coming, and is now Section 133. 

While they were preparing this Book of Commandments for publication, William W. Phelps, the printer, published parts of it in the periodical, The Evening and Morning Star. He used his personal copy of the Kirtland Revelation Book, therefore it is not a perfect match with the Book of Commandments (Sections 65, 68, 72, 76, 83, and part of 80).

Meanwhile, while living with her uncle, A. Sidney Gilbert, 15-year-old Mary Elizabeth Rollins gained a great love and esteem for the revelations that were to be printed.  In her own words, "One evening the brethren came to Uncle's house to converse upon the revelations that had not been printed as yet, but few had looked upon them, for they were in large sheets, not folded. They spoke of them with such reverence, as coming from the Lord; they felt to rejoice that they were counted worthy to be the means of publishing them for the benefit of the whole world." (Mary Elizabeth Rollin Lightner Autobiography, published by Robert Barrett on FindaGrave.com)

When the typesetting of the Book of Commandments was done and the copies of five large sheets containing 32 uncut pages each (160 pages total) had been printed, the press was destroyed by enemies of the Church.  The pages were thrown out into the street, but were heroically rescued by Mary and her 13-year-old sister Caroline.  (See James E. Faust, "Courage in the Cornfield", Friend, July 2007.)

More from Mary's autobiography: 

"The mob renewed their efforts again by tearing down the printing office, a two story building, and driving Brother Phelps' family out of the lower part of the house and putting their things in the street. They brought out some large sheets of paper, and said, 'Here are the Mormon Commandments.' My sister Caroline and myself were in a corner of a fence watching them; when they spoke of the commandments I was determined to have some of them. Sister said if I went to get any of them she would go too, but said 'They will kill us.' While their backs were turned, prying out the gable end of the house, we went, and got our arms full, and were turning away, when some of the mob saw us and called on us to stop, but we ran as fast as we could. Two of them started after us. Seeing a gap in a fence, we entered into a large cornfield, laid the papers on the ground, and hid them with our persons."

 Picture from lds.org

"The corn was from five to six feet high, and very thick; they hunted around considerable, and came very near us but did not find us. After we satisfied ourselves that they had given up the search for us, we tried to find our way out of the field, the corn was so high we could not see where to go, looking up I saw trees that had been girdled to kill them. Soon we came to an old log stable which looked as though it had not been used for years. Sister Phelps and children were carrying in brush and piling it up at one side of the barn to lay her beds on. She asked me what I had. I told her. She then took them from us, which made us feel very bad. They got them bound in small books and sent me one, which I prized very highly."

As well she should!  Besides being of great spiritual value, they are the most expensive antique books relating to Church history today.  Only twenty are known to exist. 

Those pages which were hand-cut, hand-assembled, and sewn together were printed up as the Book of Commandments. The Community of Christ (formerly the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints) has published replicas through their Herald House printing company. 


My replica of the Book of Commandments--
much smaller than the present day triple combination.



Title Page


First page of the revelations

Because only the first 160 pages had been printed before the mob destroyed the press, this book ends abruptly at Section 64, verse 47 in the middle of a sentence.



You can see that in the original handwritten manuscript which W.W. Phelps was using, that final word "Ephraim" had been circled--the point at which he had stopped for the day. 


Images are from my replica

Please also see Robert J. Woodford, "How the Revelations in the Doctrine and Covenants Were Compiled"Ensign, Jan. 1985 for more details on the structure of the Doctrine and Covenants.


Doctrine and Covenants (1835 to present-day)

A second special conference was held August 17, 1835 in Kirtland to discuss republishing the revelations in a new book.  Each revelation was read and ratified by the First Presidency, then the Quorum of Twelve Apostles, then the Seventy, and on down through the whole membership of the church.  They stood and voted in turn to sustain the book as scripture.  There is no evidence that there was a single negative vote.

The first edition of this book called Doctrine and Covenants was printed that summer.  It contained two sections: Joseph Smith's Lectures on Faith, and 102 revelations, divided into "chapters" rather than "sections."  Frederick G. Williams was the printer.

In 1844, the second edition of this book was published in Nauvoo, the last one that was proofread by Joseph Smith.  The wording has never been changed.  Two more editions were published from these same plates in 1845 and 1846.

In 1876, 26 sections were added.

In 1908, the "Manifesto" was included.

In 1921, the printing was put into double columns and the book included 136 sections and the Manifesto.  The Lectures on Faith were now left out.  James E. Talmadge was the editor.

In 1930 a different edition was published called Latter-day Revelation.  It omitted the personal revelations.  It was never sustained as scripture, however, and did not last.

Our current edition of the Doctrine and Covenants was published in 1981.

(Source: Bruce Woolley, "Structural Development of the Doctrine and Covenants," Lecture, BYU Education Week, August 18, 2005, personal notes, Book 7, p. 137-142)

Section 1: A Voice of Warning

In Section 1, the purpose of the Doctrine and Covenants is put forth by the Lord, and a call is made to "hearken" to it--to pay rapt attention to it, to internalize it and follow it. Verses 1-16 talk about the bad trajectory of the people of the earth and their state of wickedness. In verses 17-18, He states that to remedy this situation, the Lord has given this revelation. 

--Let me interject here that I go back and forth between loving the paper scriptures and the electronic scriptures. I love that I can put limitless notes into the electronic scriptures, and link things without having to copy them out or remember them. But one thing I can't see on the electronic scriptures so easily are the lists. I love scriptural lists, and in my margins, I mark them with numbers or with dots.--

Doctrine and Covenants 1 has two great lists. The first is prophecies that will be fulfilled if the people hearken (verses 19-23):
  • The weak things of the world will break down the mighty.
  • Every man might speak in the name of God.
  • Faith will increase on the earth.
  • God's everlasting covenant will be established.
  • The fulness of the gospel will be proclaimed by the weak to the mighty.
He then states (verse 24), that "I am God and have spoken it," and that he gave the commandments purposely to weak servants, so that (verses 24-30):
  • They might come to understanding.
  • They might know of their mistakes.
  • They might learn, if they seek wisdom.
  • They might be chastened regarding their sins, so they can then repent.
  • They can become strong, if they are humble, and be blessed from on high.
He points out that with these revelations Joseph Smith was able to translate the Book of Mormon, and the foundation of the Church was laid, and will come forth out of obscurity to the world.

In verses 31-38, the point of the voice of warning is given, and in every case in the scriptures it is the same: When the Lord points out the error of His children's ways, and warns them of calamities to come, He also gives them the opportunity to repent. Always!

In verses 37-38, the commandment is distilled: "Search these commandments, for they are true and faithful and the prophecies and promises which are in them shall all be fulfilled. What I the Lord have spoken, I have spoken, and I excuse not myself; and though the heaven and the earth pass away, my word shall not pass away, but shall all be fulfilled, whether by mine own voice or by the voice of my servants, it is the same."

Then He seals up this warning, by telling us how we can be sure that the prophecy written here is by His own voice (verse 39): 

"For behold, and lo, 
the Lord is God, 
and the Spirit beareth record, 
and the record is true, 
and the truth abideth forever and ever. 
Amen."

If we were there in 1831 to hear this commendment spoken by the mouth of Joseph Smith, the young and uneducated prophet, and if we were willing to hearken to it, "the Spirit would have borne record" to us, individually, and we would have received our own testimony of that truthfulness. That is the "record that is true"--our own testimony, witnessed by the Holy Ghost. It doesn't matter that we were not there, though. The same can happen for us today, as it happened for my friend, Sadie. That "record [that] is true," that witness of truth borne by the Spirit, will stand--either to guide us as we retain and grow our testimonies, or to judge us if we ignore it. The consequences of those two options are laid out clearly in this introduction. The choice is ours.