Isaiah 54-56; 63-65
CHAPTER 54
"Isaiah 54 and 55 are beautiful chapters of encouragement; chapter 54 portrays the glory of Zion in the last days, and chapter 55 extends an invitation to all people to partake of the gospel. Building upon the prophecy of the Messiah (chapter 53), these two chapters promise special blessings from the Savior's mission...
"[Chapters 54-58 lay] a foundation for the following eight chapters concerning the great blessings of a Zion society, a millenial reign, and a new heaven and new earth in the last days (chapters 59-66)" (Victore Ludlow, Isaiah: Prophet, Seer and Poet, p. 458).
This chapter was quoted by Christ to the Nephites (3 Ne. 22).
v. 1 The places and peoples that were previously unfruitful in the gospel will produce a great harvest: "More are the children of the desolate than the children of the married wife."
v. 2-3 "In the last days, or the time in which we now live, the Lord will bring many people to Zion. They will be so many that they cannot all fit in one place. Rather than there being only one land of Zion, she will be established in many stakes" (Parry, et.al, p. 479). The stakes will spread all over the earth, "on the right hand and on the left," and cities that previously had no Latter-day Saints ("the desolate cities") will now be inhabited with them.
v.4-10 Although the House of Israel suffered a temporary "widowhood," or being abandoned by the Lord because of their sins, the Lord is still her "husband" and will not permanently forsake her. It is just as with the flood at the time of Noah: the Lord promised he would never drown the earth again, and he did not. So also he has promised that he will not be angry with the House of Israel forever, and he will not. His love and "the covenant of his peace" are more solid than the very mountains.
v.11-14 Despite the troubles the people have been through, partly because of their wickedness, the Lord will prepare an astonishingly beautiful city for them, in which their children can be taught of the Lord--"taught by the Lord" and/or "taught about the Lord." (New Revised Standard Version and New International Version both translate this as "taught by the Lord.") The result of this teaching is great peace for the children.
v.14-17 Evil people will still conspire, but it will not affect those who are near the Lord, who fall under his protection. The Lord is in total control.
v. 17 President Ezra Taft Benson carried this verse in his wallet (Ensign, July 1994, p. 32).
CHAPTER 55
According to Victor Ludlow (p. 463), this chapter is in chiastic form. (For more on chiasm, see Should I Not Spare Ninevah? in a previous entry.)
v. 1-3 Invites all to receive the everlasting gospel.
v. 4-5 Promises help.
v. 6-7 Requests a turning back to the Lord.
v. 8 States that God's plans and ways are not
man's plans and ways.
v. 9 Testifies that the heavens (spiritual
plans) are above the earth (mortal
designs).
v. 9 States again that God's plans and ways are
not like man's.
v.10-11 Declares that some things have already returned
back to God.
v. 12 Promises that we can be led back to God's presence.
v. 13 Invites us to become God's everlasting sign.
CHAPTER 56
v. 1-2 Blessings to those who are obedient to the Lord.
v. 3-8 This is a beautiful passage about how the Lord desires to gather "the outcasts of Israel". Those who have previously been excluded from the church, eunuchs (castrated slaves) and strangers (foreigners or Gentiles) (see Deut. 23:1-3) are now welcomed and afforded every privilege, even temple privileges, if they will keep the Sabbath and "take hold" of their covenants. Much more detail is available about keeping the Sabbath in chapter 58.
v. 5-8 "Mine house shall be called an house of prayer for all people," the Lord says. Note the many, many references to temples in this passage: "mine house," "within my walls," "a place (sometimes translated 'hand') and a name better than of sons and daughters," "an everlasting name," "my holy mountain," "my house of prayer," "burnt offerings and sacrifices," and "mine altar." (If you have access to pictures of temples, or can print them off the Internet (see link later in this entry), each time one of these temple phrases is read in the passage, post a picture of one of our latter-day temples, so that the board will be covered with pictures of 8 or 10 temples as you read this verse. If you plan to do the "Stakes of Zion ABCs" game, you may want to post the pictures of the temples refered to in the game.)
v. 9-12 "A short rebuke to the wicked of the time" (footnote 9a).
CHAPTER 63
v. 1 A question is asked: "Who is this that cometh from Edom [symbolic of the wicked nations, according to Harper-Collins Study Bible], with dyed garments from Bozrah [a major city of Edom, also according to Harper-Collins]? this that is glorious in his apparel, travelling in the greatness of his strength?" Who is the conquering hero? Jesus Christ gives the answer: "I that speak in righteousness, mighty to save."
v. 2 A second question is asked: "[Why] art thou red in thine apparel, and thy garments like him that treadeth in the winefat?" There is something very striking, very unnatural, about his clothing that draws the attention of the questioner.
v. 3-6 Christ answers again: "I have trodden the winepress alone..their blood shall be sprinkled upon my garments, and I will stain all my raiment." It is the symbol of the great suffering of the Atonement. Not coincidentally, geth means "garden" and "semane" means "a press for liquids" (Victor Ludlow, p. 514).
v. 4 Throughout the book of Isaiah, alternating prophecies are found regarding Jehovah's anger towards the wicked (which includes all of us at some time or another), and his mercy towards them when they repent. In this verse, "The phrases 'day of vengeance' and 'year of redemption' show the ratio of the Lord's vegeance and redemption: he will execute vengeance for only a day, but his redemption lasts for a year. In other words, his punishments will be temporary, but his blessings permanent" (Victor Ludlow, p. 519).
The rest of the chapter is a prayer of praise for the Lord. Some beautiful passages lie here.
v. 9 "In all their affliction he was afflicted, and the angel of his presence saved them: in his love and in his pity he redeemed them; and he bare them, and carried tham all the days of old.
v. 10 The people rebelled, however, and offended the Spirit, so that he had no choice but to be at enmity with them.
v. 11-13 Note the footnotes which greatly clarify who is speaking and about what. The people remembered the previous great works of the Lord.
v. 14 As a result of their repentance, the Spirit of the Lord brought rest to them (see footnote 14c), just as a cow naturally heads into the furtile lands of the valley (see footnote 14a).
v. 15-19 The people offer a prayer to the Lord to "look down from heaven" upon them. Even if they were not connected to their great fathers, Abraham and Israel, they know that God is their Father, and he will care for them forever and ask him to help them regain their inheritance from their enemies. (Note footnote 17a.)
CHAPTER 64
v. 1-4 The prayer continues, glorifying God and his mighty works, which are beyond the understanding of men.
v. 5-7 The people, admittedly, have sinned and departed from the Lord's ways.
v. 8 But now they acknowledge that they are nothing more than clay in the hands of the potter. They are willing to let him shape their lives.
v. 9-12 They acknowledge that they have abandoned Zion and the temple, but they hope the Lord will be merciful to them.
CHAPTER 65
Here is the answer to the prayer.
v. 1-5 The Lord has "spread out [his] hands all the day unto a rebellious people." They continue in their idolatrous ways, and they reject the Lord, saying they are holier than he is. Sacrificing in groves of trees was an idolatrous practice. Brick altars were idolatrous altars. (The Lord instructed his people to sacrifice on altars of unhewn stone (Exo. 34:1-3). Trying to communicate with ghosts, and eating pork were also against the commandments.
v. 6-10 So the Lord must mete out judgment. He will not destroy them all. A few people shall be "inheritors of [his] mountains (temples)." Places that were previously troubled (Sharon, the valley of Achor) will now be peaceful pastures.
v. 11-12 The Lord again rebukes the wicked, those that forget "my holy mountain," that feed the idols of fortune and fate (see footnotes 11a and 11b).
v.13-15 Blessings will be given to the righteous, while the wicked will suffer.
v. 16 The sealing power will be available (see footnotes 16a and 16b).
v. 17-25 There will be a new heaven and earth, filled with joy. No infants will live a life of only days, but will completely fill the life of an old man. Fairness and justice will reign; people will be blessed in proportion to what they have done. The Lord will answer their prayers before they are even spoken. There will be no more predators or carnivores on the earth, but all animals shall live in peace with each other. "There shall not [anything] hurt or destroy in all my holy mountain," suggesting that the entire earth will be as a temple, and all people will dwell in the presence of the Lord.
Here is a chiasm identified in Victor Ludlow's book, p. 528:
v. 8 "Thus saith the Lord...I may not destroy them all" because
some good is still present.
v. 9-10 Servants and animals dwell in the land.
v. 11 The wicked warned
v. 12 War
v. 13 The righteous vs. the wicked
v. 14 Shouting, crying, howling
v. 15 Cursing
v. 16 Former troubles forgotten
v. 17 The Lord will create a new
heaven and earth
v. 17 Former things not remembered
v. 18 Blessing
v. 19 Rejoicing, no weeping and wailing
v. 20 JST The innocent vs. the sinners
v. 21 Peace
v. 22 Chosen ones blessed
v. 23-25 People and animals at peace on the earth
v. 26 Every being on the earth will do only good, "saith the Lord."
"President Joseph Fielding Smith repeatedly stressed that this chapter of Isaiah does not refer to a celestialized earth. Instead, the new heavens and earth prophesied by Isaiah will come at the beginning of the Millennium." (Ludlow, p. 529. He gives four references.)
"Verse 20 shows that two characteristics of all people during the Millennium will be a long life and the retention of agency and the capacity to sin." Most people, in this righteous environment, would choose to come to Christ, but agency still exists. Sinners (meaning those who sin and do not repent--no one will be perfect yet) living to be 100 years old will be cursed because they will not enjoy the post-earthly period of spirit prison in which to pay for their sins, but will have to suffer for them on the earth before their own resurrections (Ludlow, p. 531).
Isaiah 65 and 66 are in striking contrast to Isaiah 1 and 2, indicating the highly structured form of Isaiah.
Stakes of Zion ABCs
Here is a fun little game to play to emphasize the spread of the Church, and the growth still to come as the gathering of Israel takes place. I have chosen some countries that were interesting to me, but if you would like to choose others (for example, those in which you have ward members serving missions, or those in which class members have ancestry or special interest), go to cumorah.com, choose "International LDS Database," and then "LDS Country Database." Click on your country or type it into the "search" bar, and then scroll down through the country's article until you find "Official LDS Statistics." Or look down below in the first comment where reader CarlH has left a link to the statistics on the Church's website.)
For large classes: Print up the list of countries, cut them apart, and pass them out among class members. Have them simply stand up and read them in alphabetical order.
For smaller classes: Print up the list of countries and keep it to yourself. Say the letter of the alphabet and have the class members guess which country is on your list. Toss a small treat to the student who guesses the country. If no one guesses it within 10 seconds, give the name. Then have the class members guess how many saints might be in that country. The class member who guesses the closest gets a small treat. Tell them the real number, as well as how many congregations, and how many missions and temples are in the country. Keep the game moving fast.
For competitive classes: Divide the class into two teams, and play as above, taking turns between the classes, and giving a point to the team who guesses each item correctly.
If you would like to print up photographs of the temples included, you can find them at lds.org. As you read each country's data, you can have them guess which temple pictured is in that country, if you posted the pictures earlier while reading through Isiaah 56:5-8. If not, you can post them now as they are mentioned.
A--Albania: 1,730 saints in 10 congregations, 1 mission
B--Botswana: 1,302 saints in 4 congregations
C--Cuba: 50 saints
D--Domican Republic: 98,268 saints in 183 congregations, 3 missions, 1 temple
E--Egypt: less than 100 saints in 1 branch
F--Fiji: 14,120 saints in 44 congregations, 1 mission, 1 temple
G--Guatemala: 200,537 saints in 428 congregations, 4 missions, 1 temple
H--Hong Kong: 22,939 saints in 42 congregations, 1 mission, 1 temple
I--India: 1,752 saints in 26 congregations, 1 mission
J--Japan: 122,422 saints in 294 congregations, 7 missions, 2 temples
K--Kazakhstan: 125 members in 1 congregation
L--Lebanon: 139 members in 1 congregation
M--Malaysia: 4,626 saints in 19 congregations
N--New Zealand: 96,027 saints in 201 congregations, 2 missions, 1 temple
O--Oman: no Latter-day Saints
P--Pakistan: 200 saints in 4 congregations
R--Russia: 15,615 saints in 102 congregations, 8 missions
S--South Korea: 80,420 saints in 143 congregations, 4 missions, 1 temple
T--Taiwan: 47,034 saints in 97 congregations, 3 missions, 1 temple
U--Ukraine: 10,394 saints in 49 congregations, 2 missions, 1 temple
V--Vietnam: 100 saints in 2 congregations
W--Western Sahara: no Latter-day Saints
Y--Yemen: no Latter-day Saints
Z--Zimbabwe: 16,969 saints in 45 congregations, 1 mission
CONCLUSION
Isaiah 60 offers a glorious call to missionary work, to hasten the coming of the Lord.
"Arise, shine; for thy light is come, and the glory of the Lord is risen upon thee. For behold, the darkness shall cover the earth, and gross darkness the people: but the Lord shall arise upon thee, and his glory shall be seen upon thee. And the Gentiles shall come to thy light, and kings to the brightness of thy rising. (These verses are also found in the Messiah oratorio.) (Isaiah 60:1-3)
How many of us have seen the Light of Christ manifest in the face of another? Those who are seeking the truth often recognize a light about the members of the Church, and they are drawn to it.
People of other faiths are also attracted to the light of the temples. "For years now, they've been flocking to the Freiberg Germany Temple, the LDS Church milestone that 25 years ago became the first Mormon temple operating inside the Iron Curtain. They come to stroll the walkways in solitude or sit on the outside benches to ponder and pray. They gather on the lawns for bridal photos and wedding-party snapshots. They call it 'our temple' — one leader recently boasted that 'Freiberg has become world-famous because of the temple.' Oh, and 'they' are the non-Mormons living in and around Freiberg. And the leader? The current mayor of Freiberg, who joined past and present civic dignitaries and local leaders of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in a silver-anniversary celebration..." (Deseret News, Sept. 6, 2010)
"Lift up thine eyes round about, and see: all they gather themselves together, they come to thee: thy sons shall come from far, and thy daughters shall be nursed at thy side.
"Then thou shalt see, and [be radiant], and thine heart shall [reverence the Lord], and be enlarged; because the abundance of the sea [great multitudes] shall be converted unto thee, the [wealth] of the Gentiles shall come unto thee...
"And the sons of strangers [converts] shall build up thy walls [the city of Zion, and the temples], and their kings shall minister unto thee...Therefore thy gates shall be open continually; they shall not be shut day nor night; that men may bring unto thee the forces of the Gentiles, and that their kings may be brought...
"The glory of Lebanon [the most beautiful building materials available] shall come unto thee, the fir tree, the pine tree, and the box [tree] together, to beautify the place of my sanctuary [the temple], and I will make the place of my feet [the temple] glorious...
"Thy people also shall be all righteous: they shall inherit the [earth] forever, the branch of my planting, the word of my hands, that I may be glorified." (Isaiah 60:4-5, 10-13, 21)
End class with a challenge for each class member to focus on what he could do to participate in this joyous expansion of missionary work and temple-building, and to increase the Light of Christ in his own countenance that it may be recognized by those seeking it.
Sunday, October 24, 2010
Tuesday, October 12, 2010
Old Testament Lesson #39 "How Beautiful Upon the Mountains"
Isaiah 50-53
These chapters are massive in scope and depth and importance, so I have not designed a specific lesson plan. First I will just give notes from my sources on these particular scriptures. Then I will share some lesson ideas for each of the two major points of these chapters, from which you can choose (with the Spirit) how to arrange your lesson.
CHAPTER 50
This chapter is the same as 2 Nephi 7, and Jacob gives wonderful commentary on it in 2 Nephi 9. It begins with rhetorical questions about who has abandoned who? It is not the Lord who has left the House of Israel, but the reverse.
vs. 4-9 are a "servant song," and the servant is Jesus Christ (Parry, p. 441). It's strange to read Jesus Christ saying that "the Lord God" has done all these things for him, but if you look closely at the King James Version, you can see that every time "Lord" comes up in these verses, it is with a capital "L" and lower case "ord." In the King James Version, Jehovah, who is Jesus Christ, is written as Lord with all four letters capitalized, such as in verse 10. (See a previous entry for the reason why.) So we can assume that Jesus Christ is calling his Father, "Lord God," with Lord meaning the sovereign leader.
v. 7 "I set my face like a flint." Bruce R. McConkie wrote, "The course of his life was toward the cross and he was steadfast and immovable in his determination to follow this very course" (quoted in Parry, p. 441).
v. 8 "Who will contend with me? Let us stand together." In ancient civil court, the opponents stood together in front of the judge. In criminal court, the accuser personally charged the defendant (Parry, p. 445)
v. 10 "Who is among you that feareth the Lord, that obeyeth the voice of his servant, that walketh in darkness, and hath no light?" It is a rhetorical question. The obvious answer to the reader is "no one; it is impossible." The words "Let him trust in the name of the Lord and stay upon his God" are not found in the Book of Mormon account.
v. 11 Those who "kindle a fire" or "compass themselves about with sparks" are those who are living by their own light, and not by the light of Christ.
CHAPTER 51
This prophecy is also found in 2 Nephi 8:1-25, and includes the first two verses of Chapter 52. The meaning is fairly straightforward, so I didn't add any notes here.
CHAPTER 52
This chapter is highly significant. It has been quoted by Jacob, Abiniadi, Jesus Christ, and Moroni in the Book of Mormon (for examples, see 2 Ne. 8:24-25; Mosiah 12:20-25; 3 Ne. 20:36-37; and Moro. 10:31), and in the D&C (for example, D&C 113: 7-10). Paul also quoted from it (for example, 2 Cor. 6:17). Victor Ludlow says John the Revelator did as well, but I haven't found it myself (Ludlow, p. 432, 438).
Note that prophetic future tense (also called prophetic perfect tense) is used in this chapter, meaning that the time sequence is all mixed up in the grammar: sometimes the writer is speaking using past tense, sometimes he uses future tense, sometimes he uses present tense. This is common among prophetic writings. It shows the great faith and vision of the prophet, and illustrates the fact that the Lord operates outside of time. All things are present to him, so our literary tools of past, present, and future tense are not relevant, and are therefore interchangeable.
v. 1-3 were quoted by Christ to the Nephites in 3 Ne. 20:36-38.
v. 7 was quoted by Christ to the Nephites in 3 Ne. 20:40.
v. 10 In 3 Ne. 20:35 (Christ's quote of this verse to the Nephites) it says "Father" for both "Lord" and "God," and adds the phrase, "and the Father and I are one."
v. 11-15 were quoted by Christ to the Nephites in 3 Ne. 20:41-45.
v. 13-15 Victor Ludlow thinks this servant is Joseph Smith, rather than Jesus Christ, since's Christ's commentary on the prophecy in 3 Ne. 21:7-11 refers to the restoration and Joseph Smith. I don't know whether I agree, but it's an interesting thought.
CHAPTER 53
This entire chapter is another "servant song" of Jesus Christ.
v. 1 The writer is amazed at how few have listened to the prophets testify of Christ!
v. 2 "For he [Jesus Christ] shall grow up before him [Heavenly Father]."
v. 3-6 are all used as lyrics for Handel's Messiah. (See previous entry.)
v. 4 This prophecy of Christ was quoted by Matthew, one of 14 quotes he included in his gospel to convince the Jews that Jesus Christ was the Jehovah of the Old Testament. (See Matt. 8:17)
v. 5 "Bruised" can be translated as "crushed." (See Gen. 3:15 footnote.)
v. 10 "It pleased the Lord" means it was God's will; it was a part of God's plan.
v. 11 "...by his knowledge" means through the knowledge of him (see Hosea 4:1; 6:6)
LESSON FOCUS ONE: THE ATONEMENT
Certainly, the greatest message of these chapters of Isaiah is the central gospel message, that of the Atonement of Jesus Christ. Elder Bruce C. Hafen wrote one of the best short treatises on this topic, which makes it highly personal and applicable to all, and which dispels many misunderstandings about the Atonement. He writes, "It is unfortunate when we convey incorrect ideas to [those not of our faith]; but it is worse when we, by our limited doctrinal understanding, deny ourselves the reassurance and guidance we may desperately need at pivotal moments in our lives." This article, called "Beauty for Ashes," and published in the April 1990 Ensign, can be found at this link.
If you want to focus on the Atonement for those lesson, you could...
LESSON FOCUS TWO: MISSIONARY WORK
The title of this lesson refers to the work of spreading the gospel: "How beautiful upon the mountains are the feet of them that bringeth good tidings, that publisheth peace" (Isa. 52:7).
Abinidi commented on this scripture, asking who were the children of Christ: "Yea, and are not the prophets, every one that has opened his mouth to prophesy, that has not fallen into transgression, I mean all the holy prophets ever since the world began? I say unto you that they are his seed. And these are they who have published peace, who have brought good tidings of good, who have published salvation; and said unto Zion: Thy God reigneth! And O how beautiful upon the mountains were their feet!
"And again, how beautiful upon the mountains are the feet of those that are still publishing peace! And again, how beautiful upon the mountains are the feet of those who shall hereafter publish peace, yea, from this time henceforth and forever!
"And behold, I say unto you, this is not all. For O how beautiful upon the mountains are the feet of him that bringeth good tidings, that is the founder of peace, yea, even the Lord, who has redeemed his people; yea, him who has granted salvation unto his people; For were it not for the redemption which he hath made for his people, which was prepared from the foundation of the world, I say unto you, were it not for this, all mankind must have perished. (Mosiah 15:13-19)
If you choose to focus on the importance of sharing the gospel of the Atonement with others as the topic of your lesson, you could...
Sources:
Parry, Parry, and Peterson, Understanding Isaiah.
Victor Ludlow, Isaiah: Prophet, Poet, and Seer.
These chapters are massive in scope and depth and importance, so I have not designed a specific lesson plan. First I will just give notes from my sources on these particular scriptures. Then I will share some lesson ideas for each of the two major points of these chapters, from which you can choose (with the Spirit) how to arrange your lesson.
CHAPTER 50
This chapter is the same as 2 Nephi 7, and Jacob gives wonderful commentary on it in 2 Nephi 9. It begins with rhetorical questions about who has abandoned who? It is not the Lord who has left the House of Israel, but the reverse.
vs. 4-9 are a "servant song," and the servant is Jesus Christ (Parry, p. 441). It's strange to read Jesus Christ saying that "the Lord God" has done all these things for him, but if you look closely at the King James Version, you can see that every time "Lord" comes up in these verses, it is with a capital "L" and lower case "ord." In the King James Version, Jehovah, who is Jesus Christ, is written as Lord with all four letters capitalized, such as in verse 10. (See a previous entry for the reason why.) So we can assume that Jesus Christ is calling his Father, "Lord God," with Lord meaning the sovereign leader.
v. 7 "I set my face like a flint." Bruce R. McConkie wrote, "The course of his life was toward the cross and he was steadfast and immovable in his determination to follow this very course" (quoted in Parry, p. 441).
v. 8 "Who will contend with me? Let us stand together." In ancient civil court, the opponents stood together in front of the judge. In criminal court, the accuser personally charged the defendant (Parry, p. 445)
v. 10 "Who is among you that feareth the Lord, that obeyeth the voice of his servant, that walketh in darkness, and hath no light?" It is a rhetorical question. The obvious answer to the reader is "no one; it is impossible." The words "Let him trust in the name of the Lord and stay upon his God" are not found in the Book of Mormon account.
v. 11 Those who "kindle a fire" or "compass themselves about with sparks" are those who are living by their own light, and not by the light of Christ.
CHAPTER 51
This prophecy is also found in 2 Nephi 8:1-25, and includes the first two verses of Chapter 52. The meaning is fairly straightforward, so I didn't add any notes here.
CHAPTER 52
This chapter is highly significant. It has been quoted by Jacob, Abiniadi, Jesus Christ, and Moroni in the Book of Mormon (for examples, see 2 Ne. 8:24-25; Mosiah 12:20-25; 3 Ne. 20:36-37; and Moro. 10:31), and in the D&C (for example, D&C 113: 7-10). Paul also quoted from it (for example, 2 Cor. 6:17). Victor Ludlow says John the Revelator did as well, but I haven't found it myself (Ludlow, p. 432, 438).
Note that prophetic future tense (also called prophetic perfect tense) is used in this chapter, meaning that the time sequence is all mixed up in the grammar: sometimes the writer is speaking using past tense, sometimes he uses future tense, sometimes he uses present tense. This is common among prophetic writings. It shows the great faith and vision of the prophet, and illustrates the fact that the Lord operates outside of time. All things are present to him, so our literary tools of past, present, and future tense are not relevant, and are therefore interchangeable.
v. 1-3 were quoted by Christ to the Nephites in 3 Ne. 20:36-38.
v. 7 was quoted by Christ to the Nephites in 3 Ne. 20:40.
v. 10 In 3 Ne. 20:35 (Christ's quote of this verse to the Nephites) it says "Father" for both "Lord" and "God," and adds the phrase, "and the Father and I are one."
v. 11-15 were quoted by Christ to the Nephites in 3 Ne. 20:41-45.
v. 13-15 Victor Ludlow thinks this servant is Joseph Smith, rather than Jesus Christ, since's Christ's commentary on the prophecy in 3 Ne. 21:7-11 refers to the restoration and Joseph Smith. I don't know whether I agree, but it's an interesting thought.
CHAPTER 53
This entire chapter is another "servant song" of Jesus Christ.
v. 1 The writer is amazed at how few have listened to the prophets testify of Christ!
v. 2 "For he [Jesus Christ] shall grow up before him [Heavenly Father]."
v. 3-6 are all used as lyrics for Handel's Messiah. (See previous entry.)
v. 4 This prophecy of Christ was quoted by Matthew, one of 14 quotes he included in his gospel to convince the Jews that Jesus Christ was the Jehovah of the Old Testament. (See Matt. 8:17)
v. 5 "Bruised" can be translated as "crushed." (See Gen. 3:15 footnote.)
v. 10 "It pleased the Lord" means it was God's will; it was a part of God's plan.
v. 11 "...by his knowledge" means through the knowledge of him (see Hosea 4:1; 6:6)
LESSON FOCUS ONE: THE ATONEMENT
Certainly, the greatest message of these chapters of Isaiah is the central gospel message, that of the Atonement of Jesus Christ. Elder Bruce C. Hafen wrote one of the best short treatises on this topic, which makes it highly personal and applicable to all, and which dispels many misunderstandings about the Atonement. He writes, "It is unfortunate when we convey incorrect ideas to [those not of our faith]; but it is worse when we, by our limited doctrinal understanding, deny ourselves the reassurance and guidance we may desperately need at pivotal moments in our lives." This article, called "Beauty for Ashes," and published in the April 1990 Ensign, can be found at this link.
If you want to focus on the Atonement for those lesson, you could...
- teach the wonderful concepts contained in Elder Hafen's article.
- open or close the lesson with a special musical number, if there is vocal talent in your ward, using any of the beautiful sacrament hymns.
- play a recording of the Tabernacle Choir singing a hymn about Christ.
- ask 2 or 3 class members, several days ahead of time, if they would be willing to comment on the role of the Atonement in their lives. (Be very prayerful in your choice of speakers, and be very specific in the time limit you give them.)
- choose any of the short stories in the backs of previous editions of the Ensign, such as in the "Latter-day Saint Voices" section, or the "Mormon Journal" section in the older Ensigns, and ask particular class members to share those stories and add their own testimony or comments.
LESSON FOCUS TWO: MISSIONARY WORK
The title of this lesson refers to the work of spreading the gospel: "How beautiful upon the mountains are the feet of them that bringeth good tidings, that publisheth peace" (Isa. 52:7).
Abinidi commented on this scripture, asking who were the children of Christ: "Yea, and are not the prophets, every one that has opened his mouth to prophesy, that has not fallen into transgression, I mean all the holy prophets ever since the world began? I say unto you that they are his seed. And these are they who have published peace, who have brought good tidings of good, who have published salvation; and said unto Zion: Thy God reigneth! And O how beautiful upon the mountains were their feet!
"And again, how beautiful upon the mountains are the feet of those that are still publishing peace! And again, how beautiful upon the mountains are the feet of those who shall hereafter publish peace, yea, from this time henceforth and forever!
"And behold, I say unto you, this is not all. For O how beautiful upon the mountains are the feet of him that bringeth good tidings, that is the founder of peace, yea, even the Lord, who has redeemed his people; yea, him who has granted salvation unto his people; For were it not for the redemption which he hath made for his people, which was prepared from the foundation of the world, I say unto you, were it not for this, all mankind must have perished. (Mosiah 15:13-19)
If you choose to focus on the importance of sharing the gospel of the Atonement with others as the topic of your lesson, you could...
- open or close the lesson with a musical number such as "O, That I Were an Angel," sung by an individual, or a hymn such as "Go Forth With Faith," sung by the class (particularly if there is a piano in your room and access to hymnbooks).
- ask 1 or 2 class members who are converts to share their conversion stories, and 1 or 2 class members who are returned missionaries or exemplary member missionaries to share their missionary stories.
- show all or part of the church video "Called to Serve" (21 minutes long).
- select a segment on a particular country meaningful to you or to your ward members (for example, the country in which a ward member is presently serving a mission) from the church video "An Ensign to the Nations."
Sources:
Parry, Parry, and Peterson, Understanding Isaiah.
Victor Ludlow, Isaiah: Prophet, Poet, and Seer.
Friday, October 8, 2010
Old Testament Lesson #38 "Beside Me There is No Savior"
Isaiah 40-49
(If you have access to a recording of the Messiah, by Handel, play "Comfort Ye" as a prelude to the lesson. It is about 3 minutes long. You can buy individual mp3 tracks from the Messiah at Amazon for 99 cents each. If you want to do the suggested conclusion activity, pass out hymnbooks to class members, or print up copies of the words to verses 3 through 5 of "How Firm a Foundation.")
ISAIAH IN THE MESSIAH
Several of the beautiful verses from our lesson this week have been put to music. The first three verses are the first recitative in Handel's Messiah, which we just listened to. It is followed by another beautiful number written to the words of verses 4 and 5, "The Voice of Him That Crieth in the Wilderness." Later in the oratorio, verse 11 can be heard, "He Shall Feed His Flock." The most wonderful way to study this lesson might be to just sit down and listen to the Messiah together, but instead we will study a bit about the composer of this magnificent music of worship, because it is a perfect complement to the lesson topic.
HANDEL AND THE CREATION OF THE MESSIAH
George Frederick Handel was born in Germany in 1685, and was a contemporary of the other great religious composer, Johann Sebastian Bach. They lived very near each other, but never managed to meet. Handel was a brilliant composer, but he struggled financially. He was perhaps too generous with his money, and not quite thrifty enough. He was a modest man, and did not think himself a great talent. A friend commented to Handel on how rotten the music was at a concert he had recently heard, not knowing it was Handel's music, and Handel, unoffended, replied, "You are right, sir; it is pretty poor stuff. I thought so myself when I wrote it" (Kavanaugh, p. 31).
Handel was not a perfect man, but he was a good man. He "was reputed to swear in several languages when moved to wrath (usually by singers). At the same time, he was equally quick to admit his own fault and apologize." His morals were above reproach. One friend, Sir John Hawkins wrote that Handel "throughout his life manifested a deep sense of religion. In conversation he would frequently declare the pleasure he felt in setting the Scriptures to music, and how contemplating the many sublime passages in the Psalms had contributed to his edification" (p. 31-32).
Handel liked to compose music that had a religious text, for performance in secular theaters. Possibly, being a German Lutheran living in Church of England territory (he spent most of his life in London), he liked the idea of non-denominational musical performances. He wrote a drama called Esther and another called Israel in Egypt, which were both performed in the theater rather than the cathedral. This really rubbed a lot of church leaders the wrong way. The Church of England openly criticized him for this. Even after the Messiah was well-known, John Newton, the composer of "Amazing Grace," preached every Sunday for over a year against its being performed publicly, rather than solely in church (p. 33). Had it been performed only in church, however, its influence would not have been as great, as we will soon see.
Handel donated freely to charities, even when he himself was facing financial ruin. He was a relentless optimist, and a scriptorian. (Perhaps those two traits often go together.) He was a bachelor with no family to support, yet he struggled to make enough money to support himself. At one point in his life, the spring of 1741, at the age of 56, he was "swimming in debt [and] it seemed certain he would land in debtor's prison" (p. 29).
Then two providential things happened concurrently that changed the course of religious music forever, as well as the lives of many individuals throughout the centuries since. The first thing was that Handel's friend, Charles Jennens, gave him a libretto he had put together. (A libretto is the term for the lyrics of a large musical work.) It was based on the life of Christ and taken entirely from the Bible. The second thing was that Handel received a commission from a Dublin charity to compose a work for a benefit performance. Handel put the two opportunities together and on August 22, 1741, he set to work composing another religious piece that would be performed in a secular venue. He became so absorbed in the work that he rarely left his room, and never left his house. "In six days part one was complete. In nine days more he had finished part two, and in another six, part three. The orchestration was completed in another two days. In all, 260 pages of manuscript were filled in the remarkably short time of 24 days." He borrowed bits of musical themes here and there from works he had written or heard previously, as did most composers in that day, and combined them with new melodies and beautiful instrumentation. He edited and rearranged a little as years went by, but not to any great degree. The Messiah we have today is very close to the original 24-day masterpiece. One biographer, Sir Newman Flower, said, "Considering the immensity of the work, and the short time involved, it will remain, perhaps forever, the greatest feat in the whole history of music composition" (p. 30).
The composing of the Messiah was an intensely spiritual experience for Handel. At one point while he was working, a servant entering the room to bring food found him with tears streaming down his face. Handel cried out to him, "I did think I did see all Heaven before me, and the great God Himself" (p. 27). He had just finished the piece now known as the "Hallelujah Chorus." Another friend who stopped to visit found him sobbing with intense emotion. Later Handel tried to explain himself and said, "Whether I was in the body or out of my body when I wrote it, I know not" (p. 30).
The Messiah premiered on April 13, 1742 in Dublin. It was a benefit concert, as planned. The Messiah, which was written to praise the Savior who freed us all from our fallen state, raised that day 400 pounds which freed 142 men from debtor's prison. Handel conducted over thirty more performances of the Messiah in his life. Many of these were also benefit concerts, with the money going to the Foundling Hospital, of which Handel was a major contributor. Because the performances were in theaters for pay, rather than in churches, they could bring in money to relieve suffering. "One biographer wrote: 'Messiah has fed the hungry, clothed the naked, fostered the orphan...more than any other single musical production in this or any country.' Another wrote, 'Perhaps the works of no other composer have so largely contributed to the relief of human suffering'" (p. 31).
"After the first London performance of the Messiah, Lord Kinnoul congratulated Handel on the "excellent entertainment." Handel replied, 'My Lord, I should be sorry if I only entertain them. I wish to make them better.'" Handel's Messiah has indeed made people better. In one writer's opinion, the Messiah "has probably done more to convince thousands of mankind that there is a God about us than all the theological works ever written" (p. 31).
Handel died 18 years after composing the Messiah. It was a Saturday, April 14, 1759, the day before Easter, coincidentally the time of year that Messiah was performed most in those days. Handel had conducted his final performance of the work eight days earlier. His close friend, James Smith, wrote, "He died as he lived--a good Christian, with a true sense of his duty to God and to man, and a perfect charity with all the world." Over 3,000 people attended the funeral. A statue was erected in Westminster Abbey where he was buried. It depicts Handel holding the manuscript of the Messiah, open to part three, "I Know That My Redeemer Liveth." It was an appropriate tribute to a great man of faith, whose knowledge of his Savior was built through study of scripture, teaching truth to others through the medium of music, and living the gospel through his charitable works.
BUILDING OUR SPIRITUAL FOOD SUPPLY
We all know that we will have trials, and at those times, it may be hard to remember that God is there for us, as Handel and Jennens taught in their Messiah. Isaiah is a great reservoir of emergency spiritual nourishment. (Teachers may want to encourage class members to get our their red pencils and underline as you read together, so that their "spiritual food storage" is easy to find later when their spirits are low. Ask class members to share their favorites from Isaiah, and add your own. Remember that the Spirit is manifest more when class members share their testimonies, even in one-sentence bits, than when they sit passively and listen to a lecture. Write the verses on the board as they are shared. Some ideas follow, to get the ball rolling.)
ONE PRINCIPLE FROM ISAIAH
Isaiah 40:31--"They that wait upon the Lord shall renew their strength; they shall mount up with wings as eagles; they shall run, and not be weary; and they shall walk, and not faint."
How does this principle work? Does it seem sometimes like trying to obey the commandments and fulfill your church callings and do family night and family prayer and compassionate service and eat right and live within your budget and strengthen your marriage and all that stuff can be pretty draining, pretty stressful? The key to the principle of the renewal of strength lies in the phrase, "they that wait upon the Lord." "Waiting upon the Lord" refers to exercising faith and hope in Christ and His guidance and timetable. When our actions are not just grudgingly obeying commandments, but doing so "in faith," while "waiting upon the Lord," everything shifts. While despair and discouragement drain energy and cast out the Spirit, hope and faith in Christ build energy and bring the Spirit. They allow us to "mount up with wings as eagles," and to "run and not be weary."
Here are some ideas for shifting from "stressed-out in the service of the Lord," to "renewing your strength," in other words, changing from a state of anxiety to one of joy and peace.
1) Stop and pray for help with your feelings. Thank the Lord for the blessing of being entrusted with the role that is giving you stress (mother, bishop, visiting teacher, compassionate service director, etc.)
2) Look ahead at what needs to be done, pick the most important task (or the one with the most immediate deadline) and focus only on that project for a set amount of time.
3) Think about the people you are doing the work for and how it will bless them, rather than how bad you will look or how anxious you will feel if it isn't completed well and on time.
4) Trust in the Lord, that if the task is truly important, He will help you get it done, and help you do it well.
(Some other beautiful verses to examine, if the class doesn't come up with their own, include: 40:11 [shepherd], 40:29 [power], 41:17 [water], 42:16 [blindfold], 44:3-4 [water], 44:21-22 [Atonement], 46:4 [support through life], 49:15 [loved as a newborn], and 49:16 [Christ's hands]. A note on 49:15-16: A nursing mother's body will not allow her to forget to feed her baby, no matter how careless she may be--ask any new mother who has left her baby with a sitter for several hours! She'll be in misery by the time she returns. Christ's body, also, will remind him, as he repeatedly sees the scars on his hands, that he is our Father, that his role is to nurture us. It will be impossible for him to forget his children.)
CONCLUSION
"[George Frederick] Handel refused to be deterred by setbacks, [critics], illnesses, or even severe financial woes. It is a tribute to the faith and optimism Handel possessed, relying on God as he worked to overcome significant obstacles and to create music that is universally cherished today" (p. 33). It was undoubtedly his intimate working knowledge of the scriptures that allowed him to persevere and succeed in unfolding God's mission for his life. It would be well with each of us if we could live and die as Handel did, becoming acquainted with the words of our God, and then using our personal talents, our resources, the guidance of the Spirit, and the opportunities that arise around us, to emulate Christ and bring his gospel of love into the lives of others, particularly those who are not found within the walls of the church-house.
(As a class, sing together Isaiah's words from 41:10, and 43:2 or have a class member who is a vocalist sing them. These are found in our hymn, "How Firm a Foundation," verses 3-5. As a postlude, play a recording of "He Shall Feed His Flock.")
-----------------------
Source: Patrick Kavanaugh, Spiritual Lives of the Great Composers, p. 27-33
For a wonderful fictionalized account of Handel's life and his great work, the Messiah, I strongly recommend the book Hallelujah, by Scott Featherstone. (Yes, his father's name is Vaughan J.)
(If you have access to a recording of the Messiah, by Handel, play "Comfort Ye" as a prelude to the lesson. It is about 3 minutes long. You can buy individual mp3 tracks from the Messiah at Amazon for 99 cents each. If you want to do the suggested conclusion activity, pass out hymnbooks to class members, or print up copies of the words to verses 3 through 5 of "How Firm a Foundation.")
ISAIAH IN THE MESSIAH
Several of the beautiful verses from our lesson this week have been put to music. The first three verses are the first recitative in Handel's Messiah, which we just listened to. It is followed by another beautiful number written to the words of verses 4 and 5, "The Voice of Him That Crieth in the Wilderness." Later in the oratorio, verse 11 can be heard, "He Shall Feed His Flock." The most wonderful way to study this lesson might be to just sit down and listen to the Messiah together, but instead we will study a bit about the composer of this magnificent music of worship, because it is a perfect complement to the lesson topic.
HANDEL AND THE CREATION OF THE MESSIAH
George Frederick Handel was born in Germany in 1685, and was a contemporary of the other great religious composer, Johann Sebastian Bach. They lived very near each other, but never managed to meet. Handel was a brilliant composer, but he struggled financially. He was perhaps too generous with his money, and not quite thrifty enough. He was a modest man, and did not think himself a great talent. A friend commented to Handel on how rotten the music was at a concert he had recently heard, not knowing it was Handel's music, and Handel, unoffended, replied, "You are right, sir; it is pretty poor stuff. I thought so myself when I wrote it" (Kavanaugh, p. 31).
Handel was not a perfect man, but he was a good man. He "was reputed to swear in several languages when moved to wrath (usually by singers). At the same time, he was equally quick to admit his own fault and apologize." His morals were above reproach. One friend, Sir John Hawkins wrote that Handel "throughout his life manifested a deep sense of religion. In conversation he would frequently declare the pleasure he felt in setting the Scriptures to music, and how contemplating the many sublime passages in the Psalms had contributed to his edification" (p. 31-32).
Handel liked to compose music that had a religious text, for performance in secular theaters. Possibly, being a German Lutheran living in Church of England territory (he spent most of his life in London), he liked the idea of non-denominational musical performances. He wrote a drama called Esther and another called Israel in Egypt, which were both performed in the theater rather than the cathedral. This really rubbed a lot of church leaders the wrong way. The Church of England openly criticized him for this. Even after the Messiah was well-known, John Newton, the composer of "Amazing Grace," preached every Sunday for over a year against its being performed publicly, rather than solely in church (p. 33). Had it been performed only in church, however, its influence would not have been as great, as we will soon see.
Handel donated freely to charities, even when he himself was facing financial ruin. He was a relentless optimist, and a scriptorian. (Perhaps those two traits often go together.) He was a bachelor with no family to support, yet he struggled to make enough money to support himself. At one point in his life, the spring of 1741, at the age of 56, he was "swimming in debt [and] it seemed certain he would land in debtor's prison" (p. 29).
Then two providential things happened concurrently that changed the course of religious music forever, as well as the lives of many individuals throughout the centuries since. The first thing was that Handel's friend, Charles Jennens, gave him a libretto he had put together. (A libretto is the term for the lyrics of a large musical work.) It was based on the life of Christ and taken entirely from the Bible. The second thing was that Handel received a commission from a Dublin charity to compose a work for a benefit performance. Handel put the two opportunities together and on August 22, 1741, he set to work composing another religious piece that would be performed in a secular venue. He became so absorbed in the work that he rarely left his room, and never left his house. "In six days part one was complete. In nine days more he had finished part two, and in another six, part three. The orchestration was completed in another two days. In all, 260 pages of manuscript were filled in the remarkably short time of 24 days." He borrowed bits of musical themes here and there from works he had written or heard previously, as did most composers in that day, and combined them with new melodies and beautiful instrumentation. He edited and rearranged a little as years went by, but not to any great degree. The Messiah we have today is very close to the original 24-day masterpiece. One biographer, Sir Newman Flower, said, "Considering the immensity of the work, and the short time involved, it will remain, perhaps forever, the greatest feat in the whole history of music composition" (p. 30).
The composing of the Messiah was an intensely spiritual experience for Handel. At one point while he was working, a servant entering the room to bring food found him with tears streaming down his face. Handel cried out to him, "I did think I did see all Heaven before me, and the great God Himself" (p. 27). He had just finished the piece now known as the "Hallelujah Chorus." Another friend who stopped to visit found him sobbing with intense emotion. Later Handel tried to explain himself and said, "Whether I was in the body or out of my body when I wrote it, I know not" (p. 30).
The Messiah premiered on April 13, 1742 in Dublin. It was a benefit concert, as planned. The Messiah, which was written to praise the Savior who freed us all from our fallen state, raised that day 400 pounds which freed 142 men from debtor's prison. Handel conducted over thirty more performances of the Messiah in his life. Many of these were also benefit concerts, with the money going to the Foundling Hospital, of which Handel was a major contributor. Because the performances were in theaters for pay, rather than in churches, they could bring in money to relieve suffering. "One biographer wrote: 'Messiah has fed the hungry, clothed the naked, fostered the orphan...more than any other single musical production in this or any country.' Another wrote, 'Perhaps the works of no other composer have so largely contributed to the relief of human suffering'" (p. 31).
"After the first London performance of the Messiah, Lord Kinnoul congratulated Handel on the "excellent entertainment." Handel replied, 'My Lord, I should be sorry if I only entertain them. I wish to make them better.'" Handel's Messiah has indeed made people better. In one writer's opinion, the Messiah "has probably done more to convince thousands of mankind that there is a God about us than all the theological works ever written" (p. 31).
Handel died 18 years after composing the Messiah. It was a Saturday, April 14, 1759, the day before Easter, coincidentally the time of year that Messiah was performed most in those days. Handel had conducted his final performance of the work eight days earlier. His close friend, James Smith, wrote, "He died as he lived--a good Christian, with a true sense of his duty to God and to man, and a perfect charity with all the world." Over 3,000 people attended the funeral. A statue was erected in Westminster Abbey where he was buried. It depicts Handel holding the manuscript of the Messiah, open to part three, "I Know That My Redeemer Liveth." It was an appropriate tribute to a great man of faith, whose knowledge of his Savior was built through study of scripture, teaching truth to others through the medium of music, and living the gospel through his charitable works.
BUILDING OUR SPIRITUAL FOOD SUPPLY
We all know that we will have trials, and at those times, it may be hard to remember that God is there for us, as Handel and Jennens taught in their Messiah. Isaiah is a great reservoir of emergency spiritual nourishment. (Teachers may want to encourage class members to get our their red pencils and underline as you read together, so that their "spiritual food storage" is easy to find later when their spirits are low. Ask class members to share their favorites from Isaiah, and add your own. Remember that the Spirit is manifest more when class members share their testimonies, even in one-sentence bits, than when they sit passively and listen to a lecture. Write the verses on the board as they are shared. Some ideas follow, to get the ball rolling.)
ONE PRINCIPLE FROM ISAIAH
Isaiah 40:31--"They that wait upon the Lord shall renew their strength; they shall mount up with wings as eagles; they shall run, and not be weary; and they shall walk, and not faint."
How does this principle work? Does it seem sometimes like trying to obey the commandments and fulfill your church callings and do family night and family prayer and compassionate service and eat right and live within your budget and strengthen your marriage and all that stuff can be pretty draining, pretty stressful? The key to the principle of the renewal of strength lies in the phrase, "they that wait upon the Lord." "Waiting upon the Lord" refers to exercising faith and hope in Christ and His guidance and timetable. When our actions are not just grudgingly obeying commandments, but doing so "in faith," while "waiting upon the Lord," everything shifts. While despair and discouragement drain energy and cast out the Spirit, hope and faith in Christ build energy and bring the Spirit. They allow us to "mount up with wings as eagles," and to "run and not be weary."
Here are some ideas for shifting from "stressed-out in the service of the Lord," to "renewing your strength," in other words, changing from a state of anxiety to one of joy and peace.
1) Stop and pray for help with your feelings. Thank the Lord for the blessing of being entrusted with the role that is giving you stress (mother, bishop, visiting teacher, compassionate service director, etc.)
2) Look ahead at what needs to be done, pick the most important task (or the one with the most immediate deadline) and focus only on that project for a set amount of time.
3) Think about the people you are doing the work for and how it will bless them, rather than how bad you will look or how anxious you will feel if it isn't completed well and on time.
4) Trust in the Lord, that if the task is truly important, He will help you get it done, and help you do it well.
(Some other beautiful verses to examine, if the class doesn't come up with their own, include: 40:11 [shepherd], 40:29 [power], 41:17 [water], 42:16 [blindfold], 44:3-4 [water], 44:21-22 [Atonement], 46:4 [support through life], 49:15 [loved as a newborn], and 49:16 [Christ's hands]. A note on 49:15-16: A nursing mother's body will not allow her to forget to feed her baby, no matter how careless she may be--ask any new mother who has left her baby with a sitter for several hours! She'll be in misery by the time she returns. Christ's body, also, will remind him, as he repeatedly sees the scars on his hands, that he is our Father, that his role is to nurture us. It will be impossible for him to forget his children.)
CONCLUSION
"[George Frederick] Handel refused to be deterred by setbacks, [critics], illnesses, or even severe financial woes. It is a tribute to the faith and optimism Handel possessed, relying on God as he worked to overcome significant obstacles and to create music that is universally cherished today" (p. 33). It was undoubtedly his intimate working knowledge of the scriptures that allowed him to persevere and succeed in unfolding God's mission for his life. It would be well with each of us if we could live and die as Handel did, becoming acquainted with the words of our God, and then using our personal talents, our resources, the guidance of the Spirit, and the opportunities that arise around us, to emulate Christ and bring his gospel of love into the lives of others, particularly those who are not found within the walls of the church-house.
(As a class, sing together Isaiah's words from 41:10, and 43:2 or have a class member who is a vocalist sing them. These are found in our hymn, "How Firm a Foundation," verses 3-5. As a postlude, play a recording of "He Shall Feed His Flock.")
-----------------------
Source: Patrick Kavanaugh, Spiritual Lives of the Great Composers, p. 27-33
For a wonderful fictionalized account of Handel's life and his great work, the Messiah, I strongly recommend the book Hallelujah, by Scott Featherstone. (Yes, his father's name is Vaughan J.)
Supplement to OT Lesson #37
Isaiah 22; 24-26; 28-30
Note: The previous blog entry has a complete lesson based entirely on Isaiah 25. This entry offers additional insights into the other chapters included in the reading assignment.
ISAIAH 22
v.11 refers to the fortifications and preparations for seige made by Hezekiah. (See a previous entry for more information on this story.) Although these were entirely effective protection under Hezekiah's righteous rule, if the people do not look unto their Maker, it will not matter how ingenius their fortifications are.
v.12-13 The Lord called for repentance. He expected sorrow, weeping, self-abasement in sackcloth and ashes, but instead, the people continued to indulge recklessly in their worldly pursuits, "eating and drinking." They are unconcerned. (Ludlow, p. 233; Parry, p. 198)
v. 15 Shebna was an actual person, singled out as an example. He was leader of the king's court, equal to a present-day secretary of state. (Ludlow, p. 234, Parry, p. 199)
v. 19 This prophecy was fulfilled; Shebna was demoted. (Isa. 36:3)
v. 20 Eliakim was another real person with a position in the kingdom. He held the keys to the king's storerooms (v. 22). His family depended upon his position as their security (v. 24). He was unsuccessful, however (v. 25). But his story can also be interpreted as being a type of Christ. Eliakim means "God shall cause to arise" (see footnote). He will be priest, king and father (v. 21). He will hold the keys of the priesthood (v. 22) that will "open, and none shall shut; and...shut, and none shall open." He will be fastened "as a nail in a sure place" on the cross (v. 23). As he hung on the cross, so "the glory of his father's house" will hang upon him, and all the children of God, "offspring and issue," will rely upon his merits and position (v. 24). "In that day" (usually meaning the final days or the end of the world) "the nail that is fastened in the sure place" will be removed, the sorrow and pain that was afflicted upon Christ and those who take up His cross, will be "cut down, and fall; and the burden...shall be cut off" (v. 25). (Ludlow, p. 235; Parry, p. 199)
CHAPTER 24
v. 1 See D&C 5:19.
v. 2 Twelve groups of people are listed, in six opposing sets, representing all castes and levels of society. The wrath of the Lord upon the earth will be no respecter of persons. (Parry, p. 215)
v. 5 Three reasons are given for the devastation: 1) the people have transgressed the laws, 2) changed the ordinance, and 3) broken the everlasting covenant. This verse was quoted in the introduction to the D&C, D&C 1:15-17.
But, of course, the righteous will be saved:
v.13 They will be few, as the last olives clinging to the tree which must be shaken down, and as the grapes that are left when the harvest is over.
CHAPTER 25
See previous blog entry.
CHAPTER 26
This is a song of praise for the Lord. The basic theme is:
v. 13-14 Israel admits having previous gods, but now has turned to Jehovah.
v. 15 The promise of the Abrahamic Covenant is being fulfilled; the Lord "hast increased the nation."
v. 19 The dead will be resurrected.
CHAPTER 28
This chapter is replete with interesting imagery about the ways of wickedness, alternating with imagery about Christ and what he offers to those who would accept it.
v. 1-4 Woes to the wicked church members ("drunkards of Ephraim")
v. 5-6 Praise for the Lord who, in the last days, will be glorious and helpful to the righteous.
v. 7-8 Description of the disgusting condition of the wicked
v. 9-13 The Lord reveals his word to those who are spiritually mature ("weaned from the milk and drawn from the breasts") or, an alternative interpretation, using the footnotes, he reveals his word to those who have been taught from infancy. Either way, revelation will be received bit by bit over time. It is a process. Those who really desire it must hang on patiently, and learn as they go. Those who are not willing to do so, will "fall backward, and be broken, and snared, and taken."
v.14-15 Sinners foolishly make covenants with "death and hell," thinking that, just because they desire it, or just because Satan lies to them about it, or because it is fashionable, they can change the consequences of their actions and avoid punishment and devastation.
v.16-17 The Lord will lay out a sure foundation, however: one that will not fail, one that will function as promised. This would undoubtedly be the Savior and his Atonement. (Jacob 4:16-17; Helaman 5:12)
v. 18-20 A return to the previous concept, that false covenants will not stand, no matter how much the people believe in them. They will be "trodden down" by an "overflowing scourge." It will be so severe, that it will be troubling just to hear about ("a vexation only to understand the report"), let alone to be involved in it. Agreements with evil are like beds that are "shorter than that a man can stretch himself on it" and like a blanket "narrower than that he can wrap himself in it." They will never be successful solutions, comforts, or resting places like the "sure foundation."
v. 21-22 The Lord will do "his work, his strange work; and bring to pass his act, his strange act." He has determined a trial ("consumption") for everyone "upon the whole earth." He has a plan that man cannot comprehend, in which to best aid each of these foolish children.
v. 23 Listen! This is important! ("Give ye ear, and hear my voice.")
v. 24-29 And here is the important thing: The Lord personalizes trying circumstances to exactly match the need of each wandering individual. God tailors the chastisement to the person, to best prepare him to repent and receive the gospel seed. He does exactly the right amount of chastening--never too much, never not enough. "Fitches are not threshed with a threshing instrument." Fitches are little black poppyseeds and would be crushed if threshed. "Neither is a cart wheel turned about upon the cummin." If it was, the delicate cumin would be destroyed. Instead, "the fitches are beaten out [by hand] with a staff, and the cummin with a rod." Corn (or wheat), however, must be threshed, or there will be no harvest. "Bread corn is bruised." "When it is necessary to separate the sinful parts of our nature from the divine, he will shake us, but with as little severity as possible to achieve the desired outcome" (Mark Edmond, p. 200). This shows that the Lord is "wonderful in counsel, and excellent in working."
CHAPTER 29
This is a prophecy of the Book of Mormon, "the marvelous work and a wonder."
v. 1-2 "Ariel" refers to Jerusalem. (Parry, p. 261)
v. 11 was quoted by Moroni to Joseph Smith in September of 1823. (Ensign, Aug. 1990, p. 13-16)
v. 11-12 Much more detail on these verses is given in the Book of Mormon version, 2 Nephi 27:6-24.
v.15-17 Those who have been calling good evil and evil good, who have expected positive consequences from wicked works, who have denied the existence of their Creator, are going to see an upset. Things they have turned "upside-down" will shift: Lebanon, known for its mighty forests, will become a farmer's field. The fruitful field, in turn, will become a forest.
v.18-24 The chapter closes with a beautiful long about the latter days. The meek and poor in spirit who come unto Christ (see the Beatitudes in 3 Nephi 12:3-10) will have increased "joy in the Lord." All of the evil will be overturned and overruled. Those who have followed Christ ("the house of Jacob") will neither be laid low ("ashamed") nor given cause to fear ("face now wax pale"). When they see Christ this time, they will "sanctify the Holy One of Jacob, and [respect and reverence] the God of Israel." Those that "erred in spirit shall come to understanding," and even those that "murmured" (think: Laman and Lemuel) shall learn the gospel!!!
CHAPTER 30
This chapter continues the theme: men are grossly wicked, yet the Lord remains ever attendant to bring them back to the truth.
v. 1-11 The people are terriby wicked, and the sources they seek for strength are not the Lord.
v. 12-14 Trusting in sinful ways is extremely dangerous and will always fail. For a while, it seems fine, like a "high wall" as that around Jerusalem, or as a retaining wall or a dam. But always, there will come a "breach" which will "swell out" gradually, and then "breaking cometh suddenly at an instant." Imagine a city wall collapsing and allowing the enemy soldiers to pour into the city, or a dam breaking and flooding over homes and farmlands. Destruction will always follow wickedness, eventually. (Parry, p. 279)
v. 15-17 True strength, which is always offered to Israel, is "in returning and rest...in quietness and in confidence." Returning can also be translated as repenting. (New International Version; Parry, p. 280). But Israel refuses the sure way, the easy way, the way of faith in the Lord, and instead "flees upon horses," but is always overtaken.
v. 18-20 But God is amazingly patient and ever loving! He will "wait, that he may be gracious unto you...that he may have mercy upon you." He will give "the bread of adversity, and the water of affliction," but note that bread and water are sustenance, nourishment! They are "teachers" and eventually the children of Israel shall see them as such.
v. 21-24 Finally the House of Israel will notice the "word behind [them], saying, This is the way, walk ye in it!" They will be in tune with the Holy Ghost, and follow its promptings! (Parry, p. 282) They will throw out their idols, and they will realize how truly abominable and disgusting their past behaviors were, the vilest of garbage to be thrown away ("a menstruous cloth"). The Lord will then bless them, "give rain to their seed" and "bread of the increase of the earth," replacing the bread of adversity and the water of affliction.
v.25-33 "Upon every high mountain, and upon every high hill" (in other words, in the multitudes of temples around the world) there will be "rivers and streams of waters," the living water of Jesus Christ, flowing abundantly. This will happen in the day when the wicked are overthrown ("the day of the great slaughter, when the towers fall"). We often repeat the prophecy that the sun and moon will be darkened, but seldom this one: that after the slaughter, the light of the moon and the sun will increase exponentially! In fact, to the degree of a holy perfection: "sevenfold, as the light of seven days." The wicked will be violently destroyed, but the righteous, those who "come into the mountain of the Lord" (the templegoers), will be gloriously blessed.
----------------------------
Sources:
Victor Ludlow, Isaiah: Prophet, Seer, and Poet
Parry, Parry and Peterson, Understanding Isaiah
Mark Edmond, "Images of Mercy in the Writings of Isaiah," Covenants, Hymns and Prophecies of the Old Testament
Note: The previous blog entry has a complete lesson based entirely on Isaiah 25. This entry offers additional insights into the other chapters included in the reading assignment.
ISAIAH 22
v.11 refers to the fortifications and preparations for seige made by Hezekiah. (See a previous entry for more information on this story.) Although these were entirely effective protection under Hezekiah's righteous rule, if the people do not look unto their Maker, it will not matter how ingenius their fortifications are.
v.12-13 The Lord called for repentance. He expected sorrow, weeping, self-abasement in sackcloth and ashes, but instead, the people continued to indulge recklessly in their worldly pursuits, "eating and drinking." They are unconcerned. (Ludlow, p. 233; Parry, p. 198)
v. 15 Shebna was an actual person, singled out as an example. He was leader of the king's court, equal to a present-day secretary of state. (Ludlow, p. 234, Parry, p. 199)
v. 19 This prophecy was fulfilled; Shebna was demoted. (Isa. 36:3)
v. 20 Eliakim was another real person with a position in the kingdom. He held the keys to the king's storerooms (v. 22). His family depended upon his position as their security (v. 24). He was unsuccessful, however (v. 25). But his story can also be interpreted as being a type of Christ. Eliakim means "God shall cause to arise" (see footnote). He will be priest, king and father (v. 21). He will hold the keys of the priesthood (v. 22) that will "open, and none shall shut; and...shut, and none shall open." He will be fastened "as a nail in a sure place" on the cross (v. 23). As he hung on the cross, so "the glory of his father's house" will hang upon him, and all the children of God, "offspring and issue," will rely upon his merits and position (v. 24). "In that day" (usually meaning the final days or the end of the world) "the nail that is fastened in the sure place" will be removed, the sorrow and pain that was afflicted upon Christ and those who take up His cross, will be "cut down, and fall; and the burden...shall be cut off" (v. 25). (Ludlow, p. 235; Parry, p. 199)
CHAPTER 24
v. 1 See D&C 5:19.
v. 2 Twelve groups of people are listed, in six opposing sets, representing all castes and levels of society. The wrath of the Lord upon the earth will be no respecter of persons. (Parry, p. 215)
v. 5 Three reasons are given for the devastation: 1) the people have transgressed the laws, 2) changed the ordinance, and 3) broken the everlasting covenant. This verse was quoted in the introduction to the D&C, D&C 1:15-17.
But, of course, the righteous will be saved:
v.13 They will be few, as the last olives clinging to the tree which must be shaken down, and as the grapes that are left when the harvest is over.
CHAPTER 25
See previous blog entry.
CHAPTER 26
This is a song of praise for the Lord. The basic theme is:
v. 13-14 Israel admits having previous gods, but now has turned to Jehovah.
v. 15 The promise of the Abrahamic Covenant is being fulfilled; the Lord "hast increased the nation."
v. 19 The dead will be resurrected.
CHAPTER 28
This chapter is replete with interesting imagery about the ways of wickedness, alternating with imagery about Christ and what he offers to those who would accept it.
v. 1-4 Woes to the wicked church members ("drunkards of Ephraim")
v. 5-6 Praise for the Lord who, in the last days, will be glorious and helpful to the righteous.
v. 7-8 Description of the disgusting condition of the wicked
v. 9-13 The Lord reveals his word to those who are spiritually mature ("weaned from the milk and drawn from the breasts") or, an alternative interpretation, using the footnotes, he reveals his word to those who have been taught from infancy. Either way, revelation will be received bit by bit over time. It is a process. Those who really desire it must hang on patiently, and learn as they go. Those who are not willing to do so, will "fall backward, and be broken, and snared, and taken."
v.14-15 Sinners foolishly make covenants with "death and hell," thinking that, just because they desire it, or just because Satan lies to them about it, or because it is fashionable, they can change the consequences of their actions and avoid punishment and devastation.
v.16-17 The Lord will lay out a sure foundation, however: one that will not fail, one that will function as promised. This would undoubtedly be the Savior and his Atonement. (Jacob 4:16-17; Helaman 5:12)
v. 18-20 A return to the previous concept, that false covenants will not stand, no matter how much the people believe in them. They will be "trodden down" by an "overflowing scourge." It will be so severe, that it will be troubling just to hear about ("a vexation only to understand the report"), let alone to be involved in it. Agreements with evil are like beds that are "shorter than that a man can stretch himself on it" and like a blanket "narrower than that he can wrap himself in it." They will never be successful solutions, comforts, or resting places like the "sure foundation."
v. 21-22 The Lord will do "his work, his strange work; and bring to pass his act, his strange act." He has determined a trial ("consumption") for everyone "upon the whole earth." He has a plan that man cannot comprehend, in which to best aid each of these foolish children.
v. 23 Listen! This is important! ("Give ye ear, and hear my voice.")
v. 24-29 And here is the important thing: The Lord personalizes trying circumstances to exactly match the need of each wandering individual. God tailors the chastisement to the person, to best prepare him to repent and receive the gospel seed. He does exactly the right amount of chastening--never too much, never not enough. "Fitches are not threshed with a threshing instrument." Fitches are little black poppyseeds and would be crushed if threshed. "Neither is a cart wheel turned about upon the cummin." If it was, the delicate cumin would be destroyed. Instead, "the fitches are beaten out [by hand] with a staff, and the cummin with a rod." Corn (or wheat), however, must be threshed, or there will be no harvest. "Bread corn is bruised." "When it is necessary to separate the sinful parts of our nature from the divine, he will shake us, but with as little severity as possible to achieve the desired outcome" (Mark Edmond, p. 200). This shows that the Lord is "wonderful in counsel, and excellent in working."
CHAPTER 29
This is a prophecy of the Book of Mormon, "the marvelous work and a wonder."
v. 1-2 "Ariel" refers to Jerusalem. (Parry, p. 261)
v. 11 was quoted by Moroni to Joseph Smith in September of 1823. (Ensign, Aug. 1990, p. 13-16)
v. 11-12 Much more detail on these verses is given in the Book of Mormon version, 2 Nephi 27:6-24.
v.15-17 Those who have been calling good evil and evil good, who have expected positive consequences from wicked works, who have denied the existence of their Creator, are going to see an upset. Things they have turned "upside-down" will shift: Lebanon, known for its mighty forests, will become a farmer's field. The fruitful field, in turn, will become a forest.
v.18-24 The chapter closes with a beautiful long about the latter days. The meek and poor in spirit who come unto Christ (see the Beatitudes in 3 Nephi 12:3-10) will have increased "joy in the Lord." All of the evil will be overturned and overruled. Those who have followed Christ ("the house of Jacob") will neither be laid low ("ashamed") nor given cause to fear ("face now wax pale"). When they see Christ this time, they will "sanctify the Holy One of Jacob, and [respect and reverence] the God of Israel." Those that "erred in spirit shall come to understanding," and even those that "murmured" (think: Laman and Lemuel) shall learn the gospel!!!
CHAPTER 30
This chapter continues the theme: men are grossly wicked, yet the Lord remains ever attendant to bring them back to the truth.
v. 1-11 The people are terriby wicked, and the sources they seek for strength are not the Lord.
v. 12-14 Trusting in sinful ways is extremely dangerous and will always fail. For a while, it seems fine, like a "high wall" as that around Jerusalem, or as a retaining wall or a dam. But always, there will come a "breach" which will "swell out" gradually, and then "breaking cometh suddenly at an instant." Imagine a city wall collapsing and allowing the enemy soldiers to pour into the city, or a dam breaking and flooding over homes and farmlands. Destruction will always follow wickedness, eventually. (Parry, p. 279)
v. 15-17 True strength, which is always offered to Israel, is "in returning and rest...in quietness and in confidence." Returning can also be translated as repenting. (New International Version; Parry, p. 280). But Israel refuses the sure way, the easy way, the way of faith in the Lord, and instead "flees upon horses," but is always overtaken.
v. 18-20 But God is amazingly patient and ever loving! He will "wait, that he may be gracious unto you...that he may have mercy upon you." He will give "the bread of adversity, and the water of affliction," but note that bread and water are sustenance, nourishment! They are "teachers" and eventually the children of Israel shall see them as such.
v. 21-24 Finally the House of Israel will notice the "word behind [them], saying, This is the way, walk ye in it!" They will be in tune with the Holy Ghost, and follow its promptings! (Parry, p. 282) They will throw out their idols, and they will realize how truly abominable and disgusting their past behaviors were, the vilest of garbage to be thrown away ("a menstruous cloth"). The Lord will then bless them, "give rain to their seed" and "bread of the increase of the earth," replacing the bread of adversity and the water of affliction.
v.25-33 "Upon every high mountain, and upon every high hill" (in other words, in the multitudes of temples around the world) there will be "rivers and streams of waters," the living water of Jesus Christ, flowing abundantly. This will happen in the day when the wicked are overthrown ("the day of the great slaughter, when the towers fall"). We often repeat the prophecy that the sun and moon will be darkened, but seldom this one: that after the slaughter, the light of the moon and the sun will increase exponentially! In fact, to the degree of a holy perfection: "sevenfold, as the light of seven days." The wicked will be violently destroyed, but the righteous, those who "come into the mountain of the Lord" (the templegoers), will be gloriously blessed.
----------------------------
Sources:
Victor Ludlow, Isaiah: Prophet, Seer, and Poet
Parry, Parry and Peterson, Understanding Isaiah
Mark Edmond, "Images of Mercy in the Writings of Isaiah," Covenants, Hymns and Prophecies of the Old Testament
Sunday, September 19, 2010
Old Testament Lesson #37 "Thou Hast Done Wonderful Things"
Isaiah 22; 24-26; 28-30
(Note: This lesson will focus entirely on the beautiful prophecy of Isaiah 25-26. In a following entry, details, helps, and interpretations for the other chapters will be offered.)
INTRODUCTION
My brother is a most amazing defense lawyer. He wins every case he takes to trial, regardless of the merits of his defendant. No matter what crime the defendant has committed, as long as my brother is his lawyer, the person is guaranteed freedom. That's because the judgment is not placed on the merits of the defendant, but on the merits of the defense attorney. He stands before the judge and says, "This defendant has made some mistakes, but he's really sorry. He begs forgiveness. He'd like a new start. You know what a great attorney I am, so I see no sense in wasting any more time in court. Based on my abilities, I would like to ask you to release the defendant." The amazing thing is that the judge agrees! And the defendant goes free, without a mark on his record!
Unbelieveable, don't you think? Preposterous, wouldn't you say? What an incredibly unfair way to run a trial! But it is true. My Brother is Jesus Christ, and the courtroom scene above is the Judgment Day for all those who enlist Christ as their Defense Attorney. The plan of the Atonement was never intended to be a plan of fairness; it is a plan of mercy. The Judgment Seat is the only court in which the defendant is freed solely on the merits of the Defense Attorney. Our merits, as the defendants, are necessary, but clearly insufficient. The Defense Attorney is willing to argue our case, but much more is involved than that: He gained the merit required to get us off scot-free by paying the price for the crimes himself, in advance. (Robert Millet)
TRUSTING IN THE MERITS OF CHRIST
The words of the missionary Aaron: "And since man [plural] had fallen he could not merit anything of himself; but the sufferings and death of Christ atone for their sins, through faith and repentance, and so forth; and that he breaketh the bands of death, that the grave shall have no victory, and that the sting of death should be swallowed up in the hopes of glory..." (Alma 22:14)
The words of Father Lehi: "Wherefore redemption cometh in and through the Holy Messiah; for he is full of grace and truth. Behold, he offereth himself a sacrifice for sin, to answer the ends of the law, unto all those who have a broken heart and a contrite spirit; and unto none else can the ends of the law be answered. Wherefore, how great the importance to make these things known unto the inhabitants of the earth, that they may know that there is no flesh that can dwell in the presence of God, save it be through the merits, and mercy, and grace of the Holy Messiah, who layeth down his life according to the flesh, and taketh it again by the power of the Spirit, that he may bring to pass the resurrection of the dead, being the first that should rise." (2 Nephi 2:6-8)
The Words of the Lamanite King Anti-Nephi-Lehi: "And I also thank my God, yea, my great God, that he hath granted unto us that we might repent of these things, and also that he hath forgiven us of those our many sins and murders which we have committed, and taken away the guilt from our hearts, through the merits of his Son." (Alma 24:10)
The Words of the Apostle Paul: "Brethren, my heart's desire and prayer to God for Israel is, that they might be saved. For I bear them record that they have a zeal of God, but not according to knowledge. For they being ignorant of God's righteousness, and going about to establish their own righteousness, have not submitted themselves unto the righteousness of God." (Romans 10:1-3)
The only thing that will keep us from being saved is to not have confidence in Christ that He will save us.
A PORTRAIT OF CHRIST
Isaiah 25 paints a beautiful portrait of the mercy of Christ through Hebrew poetic imagery. (To emphasize this idea, mount a large, inexpensive print of Christ with children or as a shepherd onto posterboard, and then cut into 16 puzzle pieces. [Draw the puzzle shapes on the back of the posterboard.] On the back of each puzzle piece, write one of the verses of Isaiah 25:1-26:4. Hand them out to class members. Have each person read his or her verse, in order, and fit the puzzle piece onto the board, so that as you read and discuss the imagery of the scriptures, the picture of Christ becomes more clear.)
Here are a few relevant notes:
v. 4--The poor and needy aligns well with the "poor in spirit" and the "meek" of the earth, mentioned in the beatitudes. (3 Nephi 12:3, 5)
v. 6--"Mountain" refers to a temple. In the temple, the Lord of hosts (a reference to His might and power as the Captain of the armies of heaven) will prepare a glorious feast for all nations (see footnote).
v. 7--In the temple, the Lord will dissolve the barrier ("the face of the covering," or "the vail") between the people and their knowledge of their God. In Old Testament temple worship, a veil covered the entrance to the Holy of Holies. The Holy of Holies was the place in which man could meet God, but only the priest could go, as a representative of all the people, and even he could only go on one day of the year. On the day of Christ's death, the veil of the temple was rent, top to bottom, a symbol that Christ's Atonement had opened the way for man to return to God. In the latter-day temples, each person individually passes through the veil for himself, or in proxy for one other deceased individual at a time, into the Celestial Room where he can commune with God. With the revelation on the Priesthood (D&C Official Declaration--2), and the explosion of temple-building around the world, "all people" and "all nations" can enter into the Celestial Room. This is symbolic of and preparatory to entering God's presence in the Celestial Kingdom after earth life.
v. 8--"The Lord God will wipe away tears from off all faces." "Think of the select few individuals you would allow to wipe tears from your face. Even close friends and lifelong neighbors would not be granted such an [intimate] expression. No, this is a moment reserved for spouses [or] for a parent and child." (Mark Eastmond) What a touching image! (You may want to ask class members to be thinking of times that God has wiped tears from their faces, to be shared later in the lesson.)
v.9--"This is our God; we have waited for him, and he will save us." Those times in mortal life in which it looked like it wasn't paying off to follow the Lord will now be rewarded.
v. 10--In the temple, "shall the hand of the Lord rest." Love that imagery! Not for all, though, only for those who waited for him. Moab, the unrighteous, will be trodden down.
v.11--There will be no escape for Moab. The Lord will fully extend His reach to bring down their pride, just as a swimmer will fully extend his arm and thus set in motion all the water around him.
v. 3--Here is the key to "perfect peace:" "staying our minds on the Lord." The verb "staying" implies a conscious effort, not passive. It takes effort to remain focused on the Lord, it is not a default setting in the human brain.
v.4--Only four times in the King James Version of the Old Testament is the name "Jehovah" written out, and this is one of them. The name "Jehovah" was the formal covenant name for the God of Israel, meaning the unchangeable one, the great I AM, the one who exists independently. Although the name "Jehovah" was found abundantly in the Hebrew Bible, it was so holy that the Jews never spoke it aloud, but always substituted another name for God. The early Hebrew written language did not include vowels, so the original pronunciation has actually been lost. The King James Translators, out of deference to the Jewish custom of reverence for the name, substituted the title "LORD" in all capitol letters, each time the name "Jehovah" was found, except for these four key references (Bible Dictionary, "Jehovah"). The other three occurences are found in Exo. 6:3 (notice the JST footnote), Psalms 83:18, and Isaiah 12:2.
A PERSONAL SAVIOR
Christ's appearance to the Nephites was a foreshadowing of His reunion with each of us at the end of our mortal existence. As in Isaiah's prophecies, those who were "more wicked" were destroyed (3 Ne. 9:13), and only those who gathered around the temple in a desire to learn of Christ (3 Ne. 11:1-2), who were willing to "open their ears to hear" and who put forth the effort to "understand" (3 Ne. 11:5-6), were blessed by Christ's "arm of mercy [which was] extended towards [them]," and were converted and healed (3 Ne. 9:13-14).
3 Ne. 11:14-15--Christ did not have the leadership come up, and then send them out to minister and testify to the congregation, although that is the effective and necessary way He has us, as limited mortals, administer His church on the earth. He had 2,500 people come up "one by one" to build their testimony of the Atonement and the Resurrection, and to develop a relationship with Him, their personal Savior.
3 Ne. 17:7-9--Jesus offered to heal any who were afflicted in any manner. He did not heal them as a group, although He certainly could have done so with His great power. He healed them "every one".
3 Ne. 17:21--"He took their little children, one by one, and blessed them, and prayed unto the Father for them."
The Atonement was infinite, and applied to everyone everywhere who was human and therefore fallen, and to every sin they might commit. All mankind was saved in one event. But in Christ's personal mortal ministry, both in the East and the West, the service He gave and the relationships He built were one-on-one.
(This would be the time to ask for class members to share experiences in which Christ personally wiped away tears from their eyes.)
Christ's example extends to us: Maybe we can't do everything for everybody, but we can wipe away one person's tears, heal one person's spirit, bless one child at a time. We can be true disciples of Christ if we simply ask each day, "Which one person can I serve next?"
(This may be a great place to end the lesson, especially if there is a lot of sharing from class members, or you can continue with the following testimony of someone in our day who personally knew Christ.)
TESTIMONY
Those of us who are old enough will always remember the final testimony of Elder Bruce R. McConkie. It was a moment that stood still in time, like September 11th or the fallin of the Berlin Wall. Those who experienced it can remember where they were and how they felt as if it were yesterday. Even as I write this blog, all those emotions come flooding back, and my eyes are filling with tears. Elder McConkie had been suffering with cancer and improvement in his health had been reported, but as he began his talk, we all knew that we would not hear his voice again:
"I feel, and the Spirit seems to accord, that the most important doctrine I can declare, and the most powerful testimony I can bear, is of the atoning sacrifice of the Lord Jesus Christ.
"His atonement is the most transcendent event that ever has or ever will occur from Creation's dawn through all the ages of a never-ending eternity...
"It is the supreme act of goodness and grace that only a god could perform. Through it, all of the terms and conditions of the Father's eternal plan of salvation become operative.
"Through it are brought to pass the immortality and eternal life of man. Through it, all men are saved from death, hell, the devil, and endless torment.
"And through it, all who believe and obey the glorious gospel of God, all who are true and faithful and overcome the world, all who suffer for Christ and his word, all who are chastened and scourged in the Cause of him whose we are--all shall become as their Maker and sit with him on his throne and reign with him forever in everlasting glory."
That was how one of the greatest doctrinal geniuses of the latter days, who could have addressed any topic comfortably, who wrote the chapter headings and many of the footnotes to the LDS scriptures chose to begin his "Last Lecture." And here is the memorable end:
"And now, as pertaining to this perfect atonement, wrought by the shedding of the blood of God--I testify that it took place in Gethsemane and at Golgotha, and as pertaining to Jesus Christ, I testify that he is the Son of the Living God and was crucified for the sins of the world. He is our Lord, our God, and our King. This I know of myself independent of any other person.
"I am one of his witnesses, and in a coming day I shall feel the nail marks in his hands and in his feet and shall wet his feet with my tears.
"But I shall not know any better then than I know now that he is God's Almighty Son, that he is our Savior and Redeemer, and that salvation comes in and through his atoning blood and in no other way." (May 1985 Ensign)
(If you have access to the Mormon Tabernacle Choir CD "Hymns of Faith," you may like to play "I Believe in Christ" as a conclusion to this lesson. Elder McConkie was the lyricist, and his voice narrates several of the verses as an interlude to the choir's singing of the others.)
Note: Reader Shel has found a YouTube video of Elder McConkie's last testament. See her comment below, or follow this link. Thanks, Shel!
Sources:
Robert Millet, "Rest and Hope in Christ," BYU Education Week Lecture, August 2002.
(Note: This lesson will focus entirely on the beautiful prophecy of Isaiah 25-26. In a following entry, details, helps, and interpretations for the other chapters will be offered.)
INTRODUCTION
My brother is a most amazing defense lawyer. He wins every case he takes to trial, regardless of the merits of his defendant. No matter what crime the defendant has committed, as long as my brother is his lawyer, the person is guaranteed freedom. That's because the judgment is not placed on the merits of the defendant, but on the merits of the defense attorney. He stands before the judge and says, "This defendant has made some mistakes, but he's really sorry. He begs forgiveness. He'd like a new start. You know what a great attorney I am, so I see no sense in wasting any more time in court. Based on my abilities, I would like to ask you to release the defendant." The amazing thing is that the judge agrees! And the defendant goes free, without a mark on his record!
Unbelieveable, don't you think? Preposterous, wouldn't you say? What an incredibly unfair way to run a trial! But it is true. My Brother is Jesus Christ, and the courtroom scene above is the Judgment Day for all those who enlist Christ as their Defense Attorney. The plan of the Atonement was never intended to be a plan of fairness; it is a plan of mercy. The Judgment Seat is the only court in which the defendant is freed solely on the merits of the Defense Attorney. Our merits, as the defendants, are necessary, but clearly insufficient. The Defense Attorney is willing to argue our case, but much more is involved than that: He gained the merit required to get us off scot-free by paying the price for the crimes himself, in advance. (Robert Millet)
TRUSTING IN THE MERITS OF CHRIST
The words of the missionary Aaron: "And since man [plural] had fallen he could not merit anything of himself; but the sufferings and death of Christ atone for their sins, through faith and repentance, and so forth; and that he breaketh the bands of death, that the grave shall have no victory, and that the sting of death should be swallowed up in the hopes of glory..." (Alma 22:14)
The words of Father Lehi: "Wherefore redemption cometh in and through the Holy Messiah; for he is full of grace and truth. Behold, he offereth himself a sacrifice for sin, to answer the ends of the law, unto all those who have a broken heart and a contrite spirit; and unto none else can the ends of the law be answered. Wherefore, how great the importance to make these things known unto the inhabitants of the earth, that they may know that there is no flesh that can dwell in the presence of God, save it be through the merits, and mercy, and grace of the Holy Messiah, who layeth down his life according to the flesh, and taketh it again by the power of the Spirit, that he may bring to pass the resurrection of the dead, being the first that should rise." (2 Nephi 2:6-8)
The Words of the Lamanite King Anti-Nephi-Lehi: "And I also thank my God, yea, my great God, that he hath granted unto us that we might repent of these things, and also that he hath forgiven us of those our many sins and murders which we have committed, and taken away the guilt from our hearts, through the merits of his Son." (Alma 24:10)
The Words of the Apostle Paul: "Brethren, my heart's desire and prayer to God for Israel is, that they might be saved. For I bear them record that they have a zeal of God, but not according to knowledge. For they being ignorant of God's righteousness, and going about to establish their own righteousness, have not submitted themselves unto the righteousness of God." (Romans 10:1-3)
The only thing that will keep us from being saved is to not have confidence in Christ that He will save us.
A PORTRAIT OF CHRIST
Isaiah 25 paints a beautiful portrait of the mercy of Christ through Hebrew poetic imagery. (To emphasize this idea, mount a large, inexpensive print of Christ with children or as a shepherd onto posterboard, and then cut into 16 puzzle pieces. [Draw the puzzle shapes on the back of the posterboard.] On the back of each puzzle piece, write one of the verses of Isaiah 25:1-26:4. Hand them out to class members. Have each person read his or her verse, in order, and fit the puzzle piece onto the board, so that as you read and discuss the imagery of the scriptures, the picture of Christ becomes more clear.)
Here are a few relevant notes:
v. 4--The poor and needy aligns well with the "poor in spirit" and the "meek" of the earth, mentioned in the beatitudes. (3 Nephi 12:3, 5)
v. 6--"Mountain" refers to a temple. In the temple, the Lord of hosts (a reference to His might and power as the Captain of the armies of heaven) will prepare a glorious feast for all nations (see footnote).
v. 7--In the temple, the Lord will dissolve the barrier ("the face of the covering," or "the vail") between the people and their knowledge of their God. In Old Testament temple worship, a veil covered the entrance to the Holy of Holies. The Holy of Holies was the place in which man could meet God, but only the priest could go, as a representative of all the people, and even he could only go on one day of the year. On the day of Christ's death, the veil of the temple was rent, top to bottom, a symbol that Christ's Atonement had opened the way for man to return to God. In the latter-day temples, each person individually passes through the veil for himself, or in proxy for one other deceased individual at a time, into the Celestial Room where he can commune with God. With the revelation on the Priesthood (D&C Official Declaration--2), and the explosion of temple-building around the world, "all people" and "all nations" can enter into the Celestial Room. This is symbolic of and preparatory to entering God's presence in the Celestial Kingdom after earth life.
v. 8--"The Lord God will wipe away tears from off all faces." "Think of the select few individuals you would allow to wipe tears from your face. Even close friends and lifelong neighbors would not be granted such an [intimate] expression. No, this is a moment reserved for spouses [or] for a parent and child." (Mark Eastmond) What a touching image! (You may want to ask class members to be thinking of times that God has wiped tears from their faces, to be shared later in the lesson.)
v.9--"This is our God; we have waited for him, and he will save us." Those times in mortal life in which it looked like it wasn't paying off to follow the Lord will now be rewarded.
v. 10--In the temple, "shall the hand of the Lord rest." Love that imagery! Not for all, though, only for those who waited for him. Moab, the unrighteous, will be trodden down.
v.11--There will be no escape for Moab. The Lord will fully extend His reach to bring down their pride, just as a swimmer will fully extend his arm and thus set in motion all the water around him.
v. 3--Here is the key to "perfect peace:" "staying our minds on the Lord." The verb "staying" implies a conscious effort, not passive. It takes effort to remain focused on the Lord, it is not a default setting in the human brain.
v.4--Only four times in the King James Version of the Old Testament is the name "Jehovah" written out, and this is one of them. The name "Jehovah" was the formal covenant name for the God of Israel, meaning the unchangeable one, the great I AM, the one who exists independently. Although the name "Jehovah" was found abundantly in the Hebrew Bible, it was so holy that the Jews never spoke it aloud, but always substituted another name for God. The early Hebrew written language did not include vowels, so the original pronunciation has actually been lost. The King James Translators, out of deference to the Jewish custom of reverence for the name, substituted the title "LORD" in all capitol letters, each time the name "Jehovah" was found, except for these four key references (Bible Dictionary, "Jehovah"). The other three occurences are found in Exo. 6:3 (notice the JST footnote), Psalms 83:18, and Isaiah 12:2.
A PERSONAL SAVIOR
Christ's appearance to the Nephites was a foreshadowing of His reunion with each of us at the end of our mortal existence. As in Isaiah's prophecies, those who were "more wicked" were destroyed (3 Ne. 9:13), and only those who gathered around the temple in a desire to learn of Christ (3 Ne. 11:1-2), who were willing to "open their ears to hear" and who put forth the effort to "understand" (3 Ne. 11:5-6), were blessed by Christ's "arm of mercy [which was] extended towards [them]," and were converted and healed (3 Ne. 9:13-14).
3 Ne. 11:14-15--Christ did not have the leadership come up, and then send them out to minister and testify to the congregation, although that is the effective and necessary way He has us, as limited mortals, administer His church on the earth. He had 2,500 people come up "one by one" to build their testimony of the Atonement and the Resurrection, and to develop a relationship with Him, their personal Savior.
3 Ne. 17:7-9--Jesus offered to heal any who were afflicted in any manner. He did not heal them as a group, although He certainly could have done so with His great power. He healed them "every one".
3 Ne. 17:21--"He took their little children, one by one, and blessed them, and prayed unto the Father for them."
The Atonement was infinite, and applied to everyone everywhere who was human and therefore fallen, and to every sin they might commit. All mankind was saved in one event. But in Christ's personal mortal ministry, both in the East and the West, the service He gave and the relationships He built were one-on-one.
(This would be the time to ask for class members to share experiences in which Christ personally wiped away tears from their eyes.)
Christ's example extends to us: Maybe we can't do everything for everybody, but we can wipe away one person's tears, heal one person's spirit, bless one child at a time. We can be true disciples of Christ if we simply ask each day, "Which one person can I serve next?"
(This may be a great place to end the lesson, especially if there is a lot of sharing from class members, or you can continue with the following testimony of someone in our day who personally knew Christ.)
TESTIMONY
Those of us who are old enough will always remember the final testimony of Elder Bruce R. McConkie. It was a moment that stood still in time, like September 11th or the fallin of the Berlin Wall. Those who experienced it can remember where they were and how they felt as if it were yesterday. Even as I write this blog, all those emotions come flooding back, and my eyes are filling with tears. Elder McConkie had been suffering with cancer and improvement in his health had been reported, but as he began his talk, we all knew that we would not hear his voice again:
"I feel, and the Spirit seems to accord, that the most important doctrine I can declare, and the most powerful testimony I can bear, is of the atoning sacrifice of the Lord Jesus Christ.
"His atonement is the most transcendent event that ever has or ever will occur from Creation's dawn through all the ages of a never-ending eternity...
"It is the supreme act of goodness and grace that only a god could perform. Through it, all of the terms and conditions of the Father's eternal plan of salvation become operative.
"Through it are brought to pass the immortality and eternal life of man. Through it, all men are saved from death, hell, the devil, and endless torment.
"And through it, all who believe and obey the glorious gospel of God, all who are true and faithful and overcome the world, all who suffer for Christ and his word, all who are chastened and scourged in the Cause of him whose we are--all shall become as their Maker and sit with him on his throne and reign with him forever in everlasting glory."
That was how one of the greatest doctrinal geniuses of the latter days, who could have addressed any topic comfortably, who wrote the chapter headings and many of the footnotes to the LDS scriptures chose to begin his "Last Lecture." And here is the memorable end:
"And now, as pertaining to this perfect atonement, wrought by the shedding of the blood of God--I testify that it took place in Gethsemane and at Golgotha, and as pertaining to Jesus Christ, I testify that he is the Son of the Living God and was crucified for the sins of the world. He is our Lord, our God, and our King. This I know of myself independent of any other person.
"I am one of his witnesses, and in a coming day I shall feel the nail marks in his hands and in his feet and shall wet his feet with my tears.
"But I shall not know any better then than I know now that he is God's Almighty Son, that he is our Savior and Redeemer, and that salvation comes in and through his atoning blood and in no other way." (May 1985 Ensign)
(If you have access to the Mormon Tabernacle Choir CD "Hymns of Faith," you may like to play "I Believe in Christ" as a conclusion to this lesson. Elder McConkie was the lyricist, and his voice narrates several of the verses as an interlude to the choir's singing of the others.)
Note: Reader Shel has found a YouTube video of Elder McConkie's last testament. See her comment below, or follow this link. Thanks, Shel!
Sources:
Robert Millet, "Rest and Hope in Christ," BYU Education Week Lecture, August 2002.
Monday, September 13, 2010
Old Testament Lesson #36 "The Glory of Zion Will Be a Defense"
Isaiah 1-6
APPRECIATING ISAIAH
Sergei Rachmaninoff's Third Piano Concerto is commonly considered one of the most challenging piano pieces ever written. It is not often performed because it is so difficult to play (although it is often used in international competitions for the very same reason), and it requires skill on the part of the listener to understand it and enjoy it.
You can hear the great Russian pianist, Vladimir Horowitz, play this piece with the New York Philharmonic if you click here. (By the way, Rachmaninoff, when he heard Horowitz perform it, said he would never play it himself again.)
1) Listen to the first 24 seconds of music, and notice the beautiful melody that is played on the piano. This is the main theme of the piece, the part you will find yourself singing the rest of the day, if you listen to the entire movement. This phrase is an antecedant, or a question. You can hear how it is open-ended; it goes upwards; it sounds incomplete. Later on, of course, there is a similar phrase that "answers" it, and provides a feeling of closure.
2) Listen to those 24 seconds again, and this time, notice that it is not a single note that is being played, but two notes in different registers. The pianist's skill deceives us into thinking it is one note at a time, but having the two sets of strings ringing at once gives a richer, more beautiful ringing sound.
3) Listen to it again and hear how the bassoon brings in its voice in the background to provide a complementary melody. It adds a melancholy feel.
4) Listen again, and notice the first thing you actually hear, before the piano or the bassoon, is the bass violin providing a backbeat, lending a sense of urgency. (The Beatles were not the first to use a backbeat.) Although you don't really notice it, it draws you in, and carries you away throughout the piece. It keeps you from relaxing. It provides an anxious heartbeat.
5) If you continue to listen beyond the first 24 seconds, you hear this main theme repeated in the string section, with the pianist accompanying. You hear it come up again and again, with different feelings, sometimes with great dissonance and chords that crash together with great pathos. (Unfortunately, YouTube only allows 10-minute segments, so you don't get to hear the entire movement played by Horowitz. You can find it in other places on the internet, however, played by other pianists.)
I love this piece more every time I listen to it, because I pick up something new each time. I also love it because I was able to hear it for the first time at the International Tchaikovsky Competition at the Moscow Conservatory during the one evening my husband and I had available on my first reluctant trip to Russia--an amazing coincidence. I had never heard the complete concerto live, and, being a pianist and a piano teacher myself, I had long wanted to, so this blessing was tailored to my desire. So, in addition to enjoying the depth and meaning of the piece itself, there is a depth and feeling of love that accompanies it for me, as I remember my Heavenly Father's gift to me that day. Hearing this performance was a high point of my "musical life." I don't think I will ever tire of listening to Rachmaninoff's Third Piano Concerto, and having learned something about the composer since, I have a great desire to meet him myself in the next life.
There are all kinds of music to enjoy. Some of it is just fun, and very easy to understand, like, "She loves you, yeah, yeah, yeah. She loves you, yeah, yeah, yeah." The message is: She loves him. A three-year-old could figure it out. But this concerto isn't lightweight, wallpaper-type music that you can listen to in the background while you are doing something else. It requires rapt attention. You have to sit down in front of the speakers. You have to close your eyes. You have to be uninterrupted.
Isaiah is to gospel literature as Rachmaninoff's Third Concerto is to music. Isaiah requires commitment. You don't just breathe it in; you have to sit down at the table with your knife and fork. But, like the concerto, you can also enjoy it and gain something from it in your very first reading, and each time you come back to it, you can pick up a little more. As significant events happen in your spiritual life, the Lord may speak to you through the scriptures, and then you add the depth of feeling that accompanied that experience. You are moved as you hear Isaiah performed musically, such as in Handel's Messiah (40:1-5, 11; 53:3-6), in the hymn, "How Firm a Foundation" (41:10; 43:2), and in other sacred songs (40:31; 52:7). You gain a desire to one day meet the Author of those passages, Jesus Christ. Additional feelings may be evoked when you see Isaiah in unexpected places, such as in front of the United Nations Building in New York City, below (2:4).
Each time you read it, you love it more, and you understand it better. There are so many levels, you will never reach the bottom of Isaiah. In fact, Isaiah was commanded to make his writings hard to understand (6:9-10) that those who were not sincere would not be quickly converted, fall away, and then be held responsible for knowing better than they were willing to behave. You have to pay a price to understand Isaiah, therefore you receive more joy with each bit of understanding you gain. Christ commanded the Nephites to "search these things diligently; for great are the words of Isaiah" (3 Ne. 23:1) "Note the word diligently. Casually doesn't work; we've already tried that" (Gary Poll).
STUDYING ISAIAH
You can study Isaiah so many ways:
1) You can simply read it, enjoying the rhythm and beauty of the words.
2) You can pick it apart into tiny pieces, word by word, noting minute details, and researching them in depth. (See ideas for storing your information in a previous entry.)
3) You can watch for repetitions of the main themes. (See ideas in the next section.)
4) You can follow different aspects, like the different voices of the orchestra, such as the geography, the poetic style of the day (see a previous blog entry for help with that), the symbolism, references to mountains and temples, the historical time periods, etc.
5) You can take advantage of the many references and commentaries available in the LDS scriptures, starting with the footnotes about alternate translations and the Joseph Smith Translation, and the commentary provided in the Book of Mormon. The best references for interpreting scriptures are always other scriptures. Elder Bruce R. McConkie said you cannot really understand Isaiah without the Book of Mormon. It is "the world's greatest commentary on Isaiah." Not only does the Book of Mormon quote 446 verses of Isaiah, and comment on many of them, it also brings the Spirit of the Holy Ghost, which will heighten understanding. So read the Book of Mormon as you read the Old Testament.
6) Each time the Old Testament comes around in Sunday School study, you could purchase another book of commentary by an LDS gospel scholar. Unlike the Ethiopian in Acts 8:27-31, we have no need to ask, "How can I understand except some man should guide me?" when so many books are available to us.
7) You can create an "emergency spiritual food storage" for times of trial to come, by highlighting in a different color all the verses you find about the mercy and love of the Lord.
SOME MAIN THEMES FOUND IN ISAIAH
The Lord is Ever Merciful
"A correct knowledge of God's character traits and attributes, his personality and disposition, is of vital import in mankind's quest for exaltation...We must know a Being who asks our all before we can place trust, faith, and ultimately, our complete submission on the altar. Isaiah addresses this theme at the very onset of his writing and weaves it as a cord throughout." (Mark Eastmond)
Pattern of the Old Testament:
1)Statement of the problem; 2)Consequences, 3)Statement of the Cure, 4)Reason for Hope
1) The Problem: The children of Israel don't know they belong to God. (1:2-4)
2) The Consequences: Wounds, bruises, sickness, desolation. (1:5-7)
3) The Cure: Wash you, put away evil, relieve the oppressed, seek justice for the fatherless. (1:16-17)
4) The Hope: Sins as scarlet will be white as snow, the good of land will be a reward. (1:18-19) (Michael Wilcox)
God's Plan to Fulfill His Covenant
"Isaiah blends the imagery of the tabernacle from his day, the mortal and postmortal mission of Christ, and the restoration of the gospel and construction of temples in the latter-days to reveal the Lord's plan for restoring the children of Israel to the covenant. Isaiah blends these ideas over and over, going back and forth in both time and event, leaving readers to engage themselves more in the finished tapestry than to look for each individual thread."
1) Many of the house of Israel will die before receiving the covenant.
2) Christ must come and open the way for all people to be taught the gospel and enter into the presence of God.
3) "Mountains" (temples) will provide a way whereby all, including the dead, may receive the covenant.
4) The Gentiles of the latter days will be instrumental in helping ancient Israel receive the covenant. (Michael King)
Isaiah is written in "3-D," or is multi-dimensional. There is more than one meaning, more than one angle to take. We can look at it from the front and see one thing, and walk around it to the back side and see another. Rather than reading it literally, we need to put on our "3-D glasses" to see the meaning of the symbols. In addition, Isaiah is full of dualism in that most of the prophecies were to be fulfilled in two different time periods.
Keeping these things in mind, here are some ideas on chapters one and six.
CHAPTER ONE: THE INTRODUCTION
1:1 is the title.
1:2 states the main problem.1:3 People are dumber than animals. At least animals are aware of where their food comes from. People turn away from the Source. Wickedness does not promote rational thought ("doth not consider").
1:5 "Head" denotes the leaders of the people; "heart" denotes the core of the people.
1:6 "Putrifying sores" tells how spiritually diseased they are. They have not even used simple first aid to clean the wound.
1:7 The Assyrians, Babylonians, and Romans all conquered the children of Israel. This also has connotations in the 20th-21st Centuries.
1:8 A "lodge" is a little shade hut for a gardener; not a secure place. About the shoddiest construction the Jews would have known.
1:9 If God hadn't intervened, there would have been nothing left. Although it is assumed to be at the bottom of the Dead Sea, there is no remnant of Sodom and Gommorah that has ever been found by archeologists. It has completely vanished from the earth without a trace.
1:10 "Rulers of Sodom"--a slap in the face to the Israelites. An equivalent insult in our day might be to compare someone to Hitler.
1:11 Why pretend to worship? Like people who are schemers and cheaters or viewers of pornography during the week, but are still taking the sacrament every Sunday in their suits and ties.
1:13 For "new moons," see Bible Dictionary, p. 738. The people are simply "following the dots," but the worship is empty.
1:16 "Wash you" means to be baptized or, if already baptized, to renew the covenant. "Cease to do evil--learn to do well" are linked: When you leave behind your sins, you need to fill that void with good works.
1:18 Scarlet and crimson were some of the very few colorfast dyes of ancient days. Wool takes a lot of work to be made nice and white: the shearing, washing with fuller's soap, scrubbing, carding.
1:21 A harlot takes something sacred and holy and sells it for money: it's not just wicked, it's profane.
1:22 Dross is the waste from the metal processing. (David J. Ridges)
CHAPTER SIX: ISAIAH'S CALL
6:1 "Train" refers to the hem of his garment, signifying his great power, the great robe of his righteousness, filling the temple of Heaven.
6:2 The word seraphim comes from the Hebrew root sarap, which means "to burn." Therefore, in this context it means "the burning ones," or "the bright, shining ones," which describes the glorious condition of the angels who are in the Celestial Kingdom near God's throne. (See D&C 109:79) That they have two wings covering their eyes may refer to being veiled, as in temple clothing, from the glory of God. The two wings covering their feet may also denote temple clothing and the holiness of the ground upon which they walk. The wings with which to fly symbolize the ability to act quickly and unimpeded.6:3 Repeating something three times, such as "Holy, holy, holy," signifies the ultimate, the maximum. This is the Hebrew superlative. This particular cry points to the Godhead. "Lord of hosts" refers to the Captain of the Heavenly army. "Lord of Hosts" is used 62 times in Isaiah.
6:4 "Posts of the door moved." The passageway trembles when the Lord speaks. The presence of smoke indicates the presence of the Lord (Rev. 15:8).
6:5 "I am undone" means "I am destroyed," or "I am lost," for (or because) he has found himself unworthy in the presence of the Lord. Isaiah realizes his nothingness and unworthiness next to God, much as did Moses (Moses 1:9-11).
6:6-7 But one of the seraphims flies to him with a live coal (remember, the "burning" is because of holiness, as in verse 2), which he has taken from the altar that symbolizes Christ's Atonement. When he touches Isaiah's lips (the entrance to the inward parts of the body), Isaiah is cleansed and purified. It is similar to our sacrament, in which taking a token into our mouths allows us to be forgiven through the Atonement, and purifies us once again with the Holy Ghost.
6:8 "Here I am" in Hebrew signifies more than mere presence, but readiness to do what is asked. In fact, it shows a willingness to give one's life for the person asking. This is the same phrase Christ used. Isaiah is a type of Christ.
6:9 Check all the footnotes at the bottom of the page for Christ's references to this commandment given to Isaiah to make the scriptures hard for the casual reader to understand. Also see John 12:37-41.
6:10 "Heart" in ancient Hebrew refers to the center of thought and motivation, therefore the New Revised Standard Version reads, "Make the mind of this people dull."
6:11-12 "How long" will men choose spiritual blindness? The answer: Until they are desolate--to the end.
6:13 A small remnant of the people will be preserved, and as a tree that is dormant or felled, that stump will regenerate because its substance is the holy seed: Christ and his gospel. (Parry, Parry and Peterson, plus my own interpretation)
Sources:
Gary Poll, "Keys to Understanding Isaiah," BYU Education Week Lecture, August 2002.
Mark Eastmond, "Images of Mercy in the Writings of Isaiah," Covenants, Prophecies, and Hymns of the Old Testament: The 30th Annual Sidney B. Sperry Symposium, p. 196-197.
Michael Wilcox, "Finding Themes and Patterns in the Scriptures," BYU Education Week Lecture, August 2008.
Michael L. King, "Isaiah's Vision of God's Plan to Fulfill His Covenant," Covenants, Prophecies, and Hymns of the Old Testament: The 30th Annual Sidney B. Sperry Symposium, p. 162-179
David J. Ridges, "Isaiah Made Easier," BYU Education Week Lecture, August 2002
Donald W. Parry, Jay A. Parry, Tina M. Peterson, Understanding Isaiah, p. 62-67.
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